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SEMICONDUSTOR DIODE

SEMICONDUSTOR DIODE. CLASSES OF MATERIALS. In terms of electronics, all materials can be classified into three categories Insulators Semiconductors Conductors. INSULATOR.

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SEMICONDUSTOR DIODE

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  1. SEMICONDUSTOR DIODE

  2. CLASSES OF MATERIALS • In terms of electronics, all materials can be classified into three categories • Insulators • Semiconductors • Conductors

  3. INSULATOR • An insulator is a material that under normal conditions will not allow current flow. Several examples are glass, porcelain, rubber, wood and plastic.

  4. SEMICONDUCTOR • The semiconductor is a little unusual in that, under some conditions, it will be a conductor and under others it will be an insulator. That phenomena is possible because of the characteristics of the semiconductor elements.

  5. CONDUCTOR • Material that will allow current flow, or electron movement, through it if a voltage is applied. • The four best conductors are silver, copper, aluminum, and lead. • These materials are such good conductors that they will have random electron movement at room temperature without a voltage applied and • They all have an excess of electrons, called free electrons, available for current flow.

  6. ATOMIC STRUCTURE • An atom is composed of a nucleus and orbiting electrons • Protons and neutrons are the largest particles in the nucleus. • The protons have a net positive charge, the orbiting electrons have a net negative charge. • Under normal conditions, the number of electrons and protons will be equal, making the atom electrically neutral. • The electrons orbiting the nucleus are arranged in rings, or shells. • Each shell can contain only a certain number of electrons. • It is the number of shells and electrons that determine what the element is. • The 1 electron in the outer shell is easily given up, causing current flow.

  7. Next….. • Whether an element is an insulator, conductor, or semiconductor is determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom. • An insulator's atom contains five or more electrons. • A conductor's atom will contain no more than three electrons, and • a semiconductor will contain four electrons.

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