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Understanding Acids, Bases, and Salts

Explore the properties, functions, and uses of acids, bases, and salts. Learn about the pH scale, neutralization reactions, and common examples like vinegar, bleach, and antacids.

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Understanding Acids, Bases, and Salts

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  1. ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS CH. 9

  2. ACID • *Acid – any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water. • Examples of acids: lemons, oranges, grapefruit, grapes, dill pickles • Necessary to many organisms (stomach acid)

  3. Acid Properties Properties: Sour taste pH below 7 Corrosive Forms H+ ions Feels like water Can damage materials, including your skin

  4. Bases • *Base – any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

  5. Base Functions Examples: found in many household products such as bleach and antacids; acts as buffers in the body

  6. Base Properties Properties: bitter taste pH higher than 7 Slippery feel Forms OH- ions can damage your skin

  7. *Indicator – a compound that can reversibly change color depending on conditions such as pH

  8. pH SCALE - Indicates the concentration of H3O- or OH- ions in a solution • Range from 0-14 • 7 is neutral

  9. pH SCALE

  10. Neutralization Reaction - Reaction between an acid and a base which forms water as one of the products Neutral solutions aren’t always formed Final pH depends on the amount of acid/base and the strength of acid/base

  11. Salts A salt is any substance that: Is created from a reaction between an acid and a base. (neutralization reaction) Neutral substance pH of about 7

  12. Salt Uses Baking soda Cleaning Highway de-icing Ceramic glazes Water softeners Fire extinguishers

  13. More About Salts Rarely manufactured by neutralization reactions Many salts are found in mineral deposits Used by the body to ingest important minerals Ex: soaps, detergents

  14. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES • Common Acids and their Uses: • Name Source Uses • a) ACETIC vinegar preservative • b) ACETYLSALICYLIC aspirin pain relief • c) ASCORBIC vitamin C antioxidant • d) HCl stomach acid clean steel • e) H2SO4 car batteries dehydrating • agent • f) phosphoric coca cola gives it tart taste • g) formic (HCOOH) bee sting

  15. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES • Common Bases and their Uses: • Name Source Uses • a) AMMONIA NH3 cleaner, fertilizer • b) NaOH soap lye, drain cleaner • c) Mg(OH)2 MOM antacid, laxative • d) Ca(OH)2 lime plaster • e) Al(OH)3water treatment flux • (Aluminum hydroxide) plants

  16. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES • A reaction between Ammonia + Bleach produces a deadly toxic gas called HYDRAZINE.

  17. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES How do antacids neutralize stomach acid ( HCl)?

  18. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES How do antacids neutralize stomach acid ( HCl)? HCl combines with antacid (base) to form salt and water.

  19. CHAPTER 9 ACIDS & BASES • INDIGESTION is caused by too many H+.

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