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Behaviors and Natural Selection

Behaviors and Natural Selection. Natural selection tends to favor those behaviors that infer a reproductive advantage. Food Optimal foraging theory - an organism will weigh the benefits, risks and energy expenditure involved when obtaining food . Behaviors and Natural Selection. Mating

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Behaviors and Natural Selection

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  1. Behaviors and Natural Selection Natural selection tends to favor those behaviors that infer a reproductive advantage. • Food • Optimal foraging theory - an organism will weigh the benefits, risks and energy expenditure involved when obtaining food

  2. Behaviors and Natural Selection • Mating • strategies • monogamous - mating pairs stay together • most species where the young require much care • promiscuous - no strong bonds or lasting relationships • Polygamous - dimorphic with the dominant sex being more ornamented • polygyny - one male with many females • mammalian species where the primary food source for a young member is from a lactating mother • polyandry - one female with many males • care for young is primarily provided by the female in most internally fertilized species but equally male and female in externally fertilized species

  3. Behaviors and Natural Selection • mate selection • females drive the evolution of male behavior and characteristics in the species (intersexual selection) • male competition is type of intrasexual selection that reduces variation between males of the species. Can be physical, psychological, song, color, ... • game theory - reproductive strategies where the outcome depends on the organism's strategy and the strategies of others. Influences the existence of multiple phenotypes in a population. • mate choice copying - a female may choose a less fit male that has been chosen by another

  4. Behaviors and Natural Selection • Altruism - actions that reduce the fitness of the individual while increasing the fitness of another • leads to the term "inclusive fitness" where by sacrificing one's self a relative has greater reproductive success • Hamilton's Rule - Key variables of altruism • cost to the altruist (C) • benefit to the recipient (B) • coefficient of relatedness (r) - genes that the 2 share in common • parents = 1, siblings = .5, aunts = .25, cousins = .125 • formula rB > C • reciprocal altruism - unrelated individuals • the benefit is expected to be returned if the situation was reversed

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