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Chapter 10 Notes

Chapter 10 Notes. Growth & Expansion 1790-1825. Economic Growth. The Growth of Industry 1) Most people worked on farms, so machines were developed to make work more efficient 2) Machines ran on water power: mills located next to rivers

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Chapter 10 Notes

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  1. Chapter 10 Notes Growth & Expansion 1790-1825

  2. Economic Growth The Growth of Industry 1) Most people worked on farms, so machines were developed to make work more efficient 2) Machines ran on water power: mills located next to rivers A. Industrial Revolution in New England - 1800 * Geography of New England leads to Industry 1) Poor soil for farming 2) Many rivers for water power for machines 3) Close to resources like coal & iron 4) Has many ports so goods could be shipped

  3. B. New Technology: 1) Spinning Jenny – spun thread 2) Power Loom – wove cloth 3) Cotton Gin – (Eli Whitney) – removed seeds from the cotton 4) Interchangeable Parts C. Patents & Factories 1) Factory system is created – all manufacturing steps in one place D. Free Enterprise 1) Allows people to buy, sell, & produce as they wish with limited govt. involvement 2) Industrial growth requires competition in production & in finding best prices for goods

  4. Agriculture Expands * Farming remains leading economic activity * Cotton production soars with use of Cotton Gin – causes issue of slavery Economic Independence A. Cities Come of Age 1) Growth of factories lead to growth of cities 2) Cities grow around rivers for water power & shipping 3) Jobs & attractions of the city outweighed any dangers

  5. Westward Bound Moving West 1) In 30 years (1790-1820), population more than doubles 2) 1820 – 4 million people now live west of Appalachian Mtns. A. Roads & Turnpikes 1) Roads were built for trade routes 2) Called “Corduroy Roads” – logs side by side so they could withstand rain/mud B. River Travel 1)Was hard early because rivers flowed north to south & travel upstream was difficult 2) Regular steamboat travel begins in 1812

  6. Corduroy

  7. Canals * De Witt Clinton – plans the Erie canal to connect New York with the Great Lakes A. Building the Erie Canal 1) Many Irish immigrants helped build the canal 2) Very dangerous – many died in explosion accidents 3) Canal completed on Oct. 26, 1825 4) Connected Lake Erie with the Hudson Bay – could then get to the Atlantic Ocean

  8. Erie Canal - Layout

  9. Western Settlement * Between 1800 & 1820, population west of Appalachian Mts. Increases to 4 million * People in the west don’t live with conveniences of eastern town life

  10. Unity & Sectionalism The Era of Good Feelings * Absence of major political division during this period * James Monroe elected President - widespread national unity Sectionalism & the American Spirit * Regional differences (north, south, west, etc.) bring an end to Era of Good Feelings * Many disagreements over slavery, tariffs, national bank, etc. A. John C. Calhoun – South Carolina 1) Proponent of state sovereignty 2) States should govern themselves B. Daniel Webster – New Hampshire (north) 1) Proponent of national power 2) Against sectionalism

  11. C. Missouri Compromise - 1820 1) Tension existed – would slavery be allowed when a state was admitted to the Union 2) Missouri & Maine apply for statehood 3) Missouri Comp. preserves balance of power: 1) Missouri in as a slave state 2) Maine in as a free state 3) No more slavery north of Missouri’s southern border (36/30North) D. McCulloch v. Maryland & Gibbons v. Ogden 1)Court cases gave more power to national govt. 2) States rights were lessened

  12. Missouri Compromise - 1820

  13. Foreign Affairs A. Relations with Britain 1) Both countries agreed to secure the border between U.S. & Canada (British territory) without military B. Monroe Doctrine – Dec. 1823 1) America will not interfere with any existing European colonies in America, but: 2) North & South America will not allow any future colonization by European powers President James Monroe

  14. CH. 10 VOCAB • Interchangeable Parts- Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces. • Patent- A document that gives an inventor the sole legal right to an invention. • Factory System- System bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency

  15. CH. 10 VOCAB QUIZ • Factory System • Capital • Free Enterprise • Patent • Interchangeable Parts • Capitalism

  16. VOCAB CONTINUED • Capitalism- Economic system based on private property & free market • Capital- The wealth, whether in money or property, owned by a business or individual • Free Enterprise- Freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit within minimal gov’t. regulation.

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