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El Nino

S. El Nino. Normal Conditions Wind and Current Patterns El Nino Conditions Wind and Current Patterns La Nina Conditions Wind and Current Patterns El Nino Frequency and Strength Important Effects. Normal & El Nino Model.

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El Nino

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  1. S El Nino Normal Conditions Wind and Current Patterns El Nino Conditions Wind and Current Patterns La Nina Conditions Wind and Current Patterns El Nino Frequency and Strength Important Effects

  2. Normal & El Nino Model • http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/26_NinoNina.html

  3. P Atmospheric and oceanic disturbances in Pacific Ocean • Normal conditions • Air pressure across equatorial Pacific is higher in eastern Pacific • Strong southeast trade winds • Pacific warm pool on western side • Thermocline deeper on western side • Upwelling off the coast of Peru

  4. P Normal conditions Fig. 7.18 a

  5. S SST 5/31/1988 Normal, non- El Nino

  6. P Atmospheric and oceanic disturbances in Pacific Ocean • El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) • Warm (El Niño) and cold phases (La Niña) • High pressure in eastern Pacific weakens • Weaker trade winds • Warm pool migrates eastward • Thermocline deeper in eastern Pacific • Downwelling • Lower biological productivity • Corals particularly sensitive to warmer seawater

  7. P El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Warm phase (El Niño) Fig. 7.18 b

  8. S SST 5/13/1992 El Nino

  9. 07_18c

  10. 07_18a-c

  11. S Weak and Strong El Nino’s

  12. P

  13. ANOMALY - a deviation froma long-term average

  14. 07_19a S

  15. 07_19b S

  16. P http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/map/clim/ sst_olr/old_sst/sst_anim_4panel.shtml

  17. 07_22ab P

  18. P

  19. P ENSO events • El Niño warm phase about every 2 to 10 years • Highly irregular • Phases usually last 12 to 18 months Fig. 7.20

  20. P Drought in SE Asia and Australia Strong winter storms on US West Coast Northward displacement of Jet Stream causes more winter rain in Texas, mild winter in Midwest El Nino has global consequences and is both an atmospheric and oceanic phenomena

  21. S ENSO events • Strong conditions influence global weather, e.g. 1982-1983 El Niño • Flooding, drought, erosion, fires, tropical storms, harmful effects on marine life Fig. 7.21

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