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FRENCH SOCIETY THROUGH THREE MODELS

FRENCH SOCIETY THROUGH THREE MODELS. PRESENTATION OF THE THREE MODELS. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY : From mankind origins to the discovery of America MODERN SOCIETY : From the 16th century to the end of the 19th century POST-MODERN SOCIETY : From the 20th to nowadays. THE TRADITIONAL SOCIETY.

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FRENCH SOCIETY THROUGH THREE MODELS

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  1. FRENCH SOCIETY THROUGH THREE MODELS Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/1

  2. PRESENTATION OF THE THREE MODELS TRADITIONAL SOCIETY : From mankind origins to the discovery of America MODERN SOCIETY : From the 16th century to the end of the 19th century POST-MODERN SOCIETY : From the 20th to nowadays Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/2

  3. THE TRADITIONAL SOCIETY Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/3

  4. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY Rites and Sacred almighty Faith and Reason merged into one Strength of the traditions Strength of the community -The individual does not exist The religious power is almighty Science and magic merged into one People equality is not questioned Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/4

  5. The dawn of civilization The traces of the first civilizations appeared as early as 28,000 BC Animated, realistic paintings of animals have been found in more than a hundred caves in France, dating from about 28,000 to 10,000 B.C. - Cave art is an expression of significant human experience : The representation of complete dependence on food. - It is set on a magico-religious basis Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/5

  6. The dawn of civilization Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/6

  7. THE DRUIDSRites and sacred almighty Science and magic are one The Druids were the priests of religion in Gaul Functions : priest, magistrate, scholar, physician.  Fire was regarded as a symbol of the divinity.  Druids also worshipped numerous inferior gods. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/7

  8. THE DRUIDS No images to represent the object of their worship, nor temples or buildings of any kind for the performance of theirsacred rites. A circle of stones (each stone generally of vast size)constitutedtheir sacred place. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/8

  9. THE ROMANS Religious power is almighty The Roman Empire was christianised in the 4th century and extended christianisation to western Europe The Romans were the first to initiate Faith in a unique god in a world largely influenced by paganism Church powers grew so strong that it outlasted the Empire in the west. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/9

  10. TRIBAL ORGANISATIONStrength of the community In the Antiquity, the Gaulish society was organised in tribes. Each individual household was dominated by the father who held authority over all the members. Households were grouped into a family clan-like organization. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/10

  11. TRIBAL ORGANISATION A number of clans formed a tribe which was sometimes overseen by a "king" who was really a tribal chieftain. The "king" was usually chosen from one family that was most closely identified with the ethnic, cultural and historical traditions of the tribe - that is, from a "royal family." Some tribes had several kings, one to preside over meetings, one for religious ceremonies and one for military command. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/11

  12. THE FEUDAL SYSTEMIndividuals and equal rights denied FEUDALISM = A CASTE SYSTEM The ancient societies : built cities, invented forms of writing, learned to make pottery and use metals, domesticated animals, created fairly complex social structures with class systems. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/12

  13. THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Feudalism is a social class system with different rights and duties. In both the hierarchical and communal order of the Middle Ages, everyone had a place and knew it. One’s identity was linked to kinship, class, and faith Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/13

  14. RELIGION ALMIGHTY Most people in medieval France were Catholics - baptism at birth - church rituals - penance for sins - Mass - pilgrimages to holy sites containing relics of saints All who didn’t conform to the catholic church were condemned as false by the church and considered a danger to Christendom. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/14

  15. THE CATHEDRALSStrength of the community and faith Mankind first used indestructible materials to erect large structures not to live in but to worship their gods. Architecture originated in the religious impulse and thus was originally symbolic. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/15

  16. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/16

  17. DIVINE KINGSHIP Kings were considered as descendants of god and were sacred in church Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/17

  18. JOAN OF ARC AS AN EXEMPLE OF THE ABSOLUTE FAITH Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/18

  19. MUSIC Music was an integral part of emotional expression in medieval life. - melodies of monophonic Gregorian chant, - instrumental dance pieces, - troubadour ballads Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/19

  20. THE MODERN SOCIETY Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/20

  21. The Modern Society The European society started to change when Christopher COLOMB discovered America in 1492. France entered in a new model of society Ruptures with the traditional society Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/21

  22. Modern Society • Reason denies Faith • Rites and Sacred refused • Scientific power/Science reject Magic • Equality of people • Revelation of the concept of person • Acceleration of changes Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/22

  23. Modern Society Writers, philosophers and scientists refer to their activities as the "Enlightenment." It means that they are breaking from the past and replacing the obscurity, darkness (Dark ages), and ignorance of European thought with the "light" of truth. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/23

  24. Rite and sacred refused The modern society advocates rationality. Rationalism becomes animportant philosophical doctrine: Truth through reason and factual analysis opposed to faith , dogma or religious teaching. The main goal is to lead the world toward progress and out of a long period of doubtful tradition, full of irrationality, superstition, and tyranny Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/24

  25. Rite and sacred refused Churches were holy places in the traditional society. Their destruction during the French revolution is a symbol of the abolition of the Absolute Power and the denying of religion. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/25

  26. Philosophers as Descartes and Voltaire start questioning: “ What do I know?“ Doubts about God-given values Inquisitors, popes, and kings alike had no rights to enforce adherence to particular religious or philosophical beliefs. Reason becomes the key to truth Reason denies faith Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/26

  27. Reason denies faith Human beings are naturally good and can be educated to be better : a good illustration of this fact is the creation of “l’Encyclopédie” Vigorous attack against the Catholic church. Progress is possible, even inevitable, if people could be set free. Society's goals should focus on improvements in material and social life. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/27

  28. Scientific powerSciences reject magic Respect for rational philosophy is largely derived from the successes and popularity of science. The surprising discoveries of astronomers produced a new view of the individual's place in the universe. Material reality is accepted as the only reality. By emancipating science from theological traditions, the modern society makes possible the autonomous evolution of modern culture Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/28

  29. Equality of people • Natural rights theory are the foundation of the ethical and social gospel : Human rights chart • Introduction of natural rights into practical politics which revealed its explosive energy in the French Revolution as well as leading to the rise of capitalism and the birth of socialism. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/29

  30. Revelation of the concept of person • The institutions don’t come from a natural order but may be chosen by the individual assent. • Each person claims the right to become an actor of History • The principal targets are religionand the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy. • The objective is to deliver individuals from restraints so that they could act freely in accordance with their natures. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/30

  31. Revelation of the concept of person Begining of women’s emancipation during the French Revolution Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/31

  32. Acceleration of changes The slow evolution of human development for centuries is now facing a remarkable acceleration during the industrial revolution ( mechanization and urbanization) • The traditional family structurehave suffered from the new industrial society. • The natural environment has also suffered from the effects of the Industrial Revolution. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/32

  33. Acceleration of the changes • Perhaps the greatest benefits of Modern Society are increased material well-being and improved healthcare for many people in France. • Modern industrial life also provides a constantly changing flood of new goods and services, giving consumers more choices. • With both its negative aspects and its benefits, the Industrial Revolution and the modern society has been one of the most influential and far-reachingmovements in human history. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/33

  34. THE POST-MODERN SOCIETY Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/34

  35. Post-Modern Society One "project" of modernity was the pursuit of progress characterized by a constant change and achieved through rationality. Postmodernity represents the culmination of this process. Postmodernity occurs in the late 20th century and early 21st century life. The features of this period are globalization, consumerism, the fragmentation of authority, and the merchandization of knowledge. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/35

  36. Post-Modern Society • Acceleration of progress • Rites and sacred: a new dimension • Return to origins • Individuals must live among the group • Science shows limits • Reason is hard to reach • Equality has a different meaning Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/36

  37. Acceleration of progress • Postmodernity focuses on improving the conditions of life including: • - omnipresence of mass media and mass production, • rise of global economic arrangements, • shift from manufacturing to service economies. • more rapid transportation and wider communication • All these defining consumerism or capitalism Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/37

  38. Rites and sacred:A new dimension After a deep religiosity in the traditional society and a complete denying in the modern society, post-modern society proposes a new response to spiritual concerns. Traditional religions as Catholicism don’t attract so many people. Noneless, people turn to different religious experience such as Buddhism or philosophical movements. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/38

  39. Rites and sacred:A new dimension Most of celebrations and public holidays are originally catholic despite of the separation of the Church and the State (Secularism 1905). Today, people are less religious and often ignore the origin of traditions. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/39

  40. Rites and sacred:A new dimension Christmas:25th of December The 12th night cake «  galette des rois » ( The Three Wise men) Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/40

  41. Rites and sacred:A new dimension Carnival:40 days before Easter Easter Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/41

  42. Rites and sacred:A new dimension Today people are seeking for new traditions Mother’s Day: last Sunday in May Music celebration: 21st June Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/42

  43. Return to Origins Today people are celebrating traditions from the past: Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/43

  44. Return to Origins Medieval festivals Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/44

  45. Equality has a different meaning Post modernity is marked by increasing focus on civil rights and equal opportunity, as seen by such movements as feminism and multi-culturalism, as well as the backlash against these movements. Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/45

  46. Equality has a different meaning Backlash to globalization and multi-culturalism. Inter-culturalism is interpretated in different ways Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/46

  47. Science shows limits The limits of science are mainly notable in the environmentalist movements: - Warming up of atmosphere - Hole in the ozone layer - Contamination of waters… Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/47

  48. Group work Regarding this presentation, 3 groups are going to work on the analysis of your society today in order to compare it to French society - Group 1: traditions in your society - Group 2: modernity in yoursociety - Group 3: post-modernity in yoursociety Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/48

  49. The Three Models of French Society Réf.: IAS/2006/M1/49

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