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Showing all that on one slide:

Showing all that on one slide:. The Hypothalamus secretes CRH (Corticotrophin-releasing hormone) . CRH causes the Pituitary Gland to secrete ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) .

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Showing all that on one slide:

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  1. Showing all that on one slide: • The Hypothalamus secretes CRH (Corticotrophin-releasing hormone). • CRH causes the Pituitary Gland to secrete ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone). • ACTH causes the Adrenal Cortex to secrete corticosteroids, which is carried in white blood cells to reduce inflammation and to combat allergic reactions. • ACTH also causes the Adrenal Medulla (lower part of adrenal cortex) to release a mixture of adrenalineandnoradrenaline, which arouses the body by accelerating the heart rate & causes the liver to release glucose (sugar). This provides the energy for the fight-or-flight reaction.

  2. Resistance Stage The body tries to cope with the specific stressor by focusing its resources on the particular stressor. (Also called Adaptation Stage) Resistance Stage cont..There is prolonged endocrine & sympathetic activity at lower levels, which are still higher than normal • Exhaustion Stage..The body can no longer control the effects of stress and begins to break down.(illness, headaches, nervous, fatigue)The parasympathetic nervous system is activated & works to reverse sympathetic processes

  3. Exhaustion Stage(cont) Exhaustion Stage(cont) But the stressor is still present, and possibly it is an external danger; the body is still under stress. (War, disease, wild animal) Continued stress in the exhaustion stage may lead to “diseases of adaptation” (Selye)

  4. Effects of Stress on the Immune System The system produces leukocytes (white blood cells) to engulf & killpathogens (antigens) such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. We build antibodies(proteins)to fight them and remember them. Inflammation When injury occurs, blood vessels first contract to stem bleeding, and then they dilate to increase blood flow to the damaged area for healing. This also brings the leukocytes to protect against outside invaders. Immune System (cont) A factor in exhaustion is that continued stress causes the body to persistently secrete steroids, which suppress the immune functions discussed. This makes us more vulnerable to illness

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