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Hindu Terms

Hindu Terms. Moksha Dharma Karma Ahimsa Reincarnation Avatar. Hinduism. Main religion today in Indian subcontinent No Founder – Ancient Aryans began telling parables Main texts – the 5,000 year old Vedas – collections of stories

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Hindu Terms

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  1. Hindu Terms • Moksha • Dharma • Karma • Ahimsa • Reincarnation • Avatar

  2. Hinduism • Main religion today in Indian subcontinent • No Founder – Ancient Aryans began telling parables • Main texts – the 5,000 year old Vedas – collections of stories • believed in one spiritual entity that made up everything – called Brahman • Brahman showed itself through avatars, representations There are no original pictures of the Vedas because no one wrote the stories down till thousands of years later

  3. Ganesha Vishnu Dancing Shiva

  4. Beliefs priests • Believed in Reincarnation - If you live a life according to your dharma (duty to your caste), your karma (Brahman’s consequence for you behavior), will carry you to the next level - if you do wrong, you go down • Caste System, like a class system, once born into a certain level, you could not move up or down your entire life • After you reach the highest caste level, you reincarnate and achieve moksha (oneness with Brahman) • Also believed in non-violence, Ahimsa warriors Merchants/Farmers Servants • The caste system was created by the Aryans because they were fierce warriors and imposed it on people they conquered

  5. If you were a God, what would your avatar be?

  6. Hindu Rituals • Daily – there is NOT a single ritual that ALL Hindus MUST follow • Most perform worship in the form of prayer or recitation at dawn and dusk • Generally, a Hindu must bathe before performing a worship or prayer ritual – cleanse oneself before approaching a god • Most rituals are performed at home • Rituals at home involve drawing good luck symbols on the ground, offering food to an idol in their living room • Yearly – Festival of Ganesha – festival for those who worship Ganesha – God of prosperity

  7. Hindu Temples • Brahmin in India are responsible for the ritual offerings – many live in monasteries, dormitories for • In US they act in a more pastorly role – organizing corporate worship and services • Temples are designed architecturally to reflect the levels of the caste system • Each temple has many gods depending on the avatars that the people of the local region believe in • Choosing a site of a temple • Soil testing - whichever type of soil it is, that’s the caste it will serve • White = Brahmin • Red = Kshatriya • Yellow = Vaisya • Black = Sudra

  8. Other Hindu Beliefs

  9. Buddhism • Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BC), the founder of Buddhism • Mauryan Emperor Asoka (272-231 BC) supported Buddhism • Sent out missionaries to proselytize • Reincarnation – the soul comes back after death • Sacred Text – Tripitaka – or three baskets of knowledge – sayings of Buddha All Buddhists believe The Four Noble Truths - all life is full of suffering - the cause of suffering is the desire for illusions like riches, power, and long life. -the only cure for suffering is to overcome desire - the way to overcome desire is to follow the eightfold path • Reincarnation – the soul comes back after death

  10. Nirvana The Eightfold Path Right views Right aspirations Right speech Right conduct Right livelihood Right effort Right mindfulness Right contemplation

  11. Review • What are the two words for achieving oneness with Brahman in Hinduism and Buddhism? • Who founded each religion? • What are the main spiritual texts of each religion? • What leader is responsible for the spread of Buddhism?

  12. Deccan Plateau • Dravidians – lived to the south of the Mauryan Empire, in the Northern Deccan

  13. Maurya Empire • Responsible for the spread of Buddhism • 321 – 185 B.C. – Height of Empire Chandragupta – conquered part of the Deccan Plateau

  14. Mauryan Leaders • Chandragupta maintained order through well-organized bureaucracy • Many officials managed every aspect of society and trade – shipyards, road building, factories • Had brutal secret police to report corruption and dissent • Trained women warriors to guard palace

  15. Mauryan Leaders • Asoka – grandson of Chandragupta – conquered the rest of the Deccan • Converted to Buddhism – rejects non-violence • Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism around India • Set up stone pillars proclaiming Buddhist sayings Read p 84. Asoka Biography – and answer question on piece of paper.

  16. Decline of Maurya Empire • Asoka’s death • Rivaling kingdoms of the Deccan

  17. Silk Road – ancient trade route

  18. Guptas • Golden Age of Indian Empires • 500 years after the Mauryans – 320 – 500 A.D. • Capital city – Patiliputra • Relaxed rule – much power resided with governors • Faxian – Chinese Buddhist monk visited and wrote about the Gupta rule

  19. Advances • Education: Buddhist Monastery at Nalanda – taught mathematics, religion, medicine, physics, language • Mathematics: Gupta empire brought concept of zero, decimal system, Arabic numerals • Literature: Kalidasa the most famous poet and playwright of the Gupta Empire • Medicine: small pox vaccinations, plastic surgery, surgery • Arts: Dancing – Read page 84

  20. Decline of Guptas • Weak leaders • White Han invaders

  21. Assignment • Read pp. 86-88 – take notes on the lives of ancient India

  22. Notes Quiz Who was responsible for spreading Buddhism to China through, in part, missionaries? What is the main way that Buddhism came to China? What ancient leader united all of India by conquering the Deccan Plateau? Where is the Deccan plateau? Fill in the blank: Moksha is to Hinduism as _______ is to Buddhism. Dharma is your ____ to your caste. What is Karma? Describe it in your own words. Hindus believe in reincarnation. Explain in 2 sentences how that relates to the social caste system. What are the two words for achieving oneness with Brahman in Hinduism and Buddhism? Who founded each religion? Hinduism __________ Buddhism _________ What are the main spiritual texts of each religion?_________, ___________ What leader is responsible for the spread of Buddhism? Extra Credit (1 pt each): 1. What is the Jewish Holy book? 2. Who is considered the father of the Jews, or the founder of Judaism?

  23. Group 1 – Family Life, p. 87-88 • Group 2 – Wisdom of Confucius, p. 89 • Group 3 – Legalism, 90-91 • Group 4 – Daoism • Group 5 – Buddhism in China

  24. Groups: 1 – Family Life, p. 87-88 (this group can follow the subheadings in your book) 2 – Wisdom of Confucius, p. 89 3 – Legalism, 90-91 4 – Daoism, 90-91 5 – Buddhism in China, 92 (use the section on Indian Buddhism) *You will have 2 minutes to make your presentation. *Determine who will speak and when. *Take notes while another group is speaking. Presentation Must Include: • Founder – or how the religion arrived there • Give (approx.) dates of founder and religion • Mention important vocabulary or facts • List sacred text • Describe moral teachings, sayings, and philosophy

  25. Word Bank VedasTripitaka alphabet represents sounds represents things no founder Euphrates River code of law wedge-shaped used for priests to worship caste system stone pillars monotheistic Polytheistic Tigris River Siddartha Gautama “carriers of civilization”pictogram nirvana moksha reincarnation silk road Deccan plateau fertile crescent judgment Dayafterlife Yearly floods united the subcontinent Sumer, Assyria, Babylon Akhenaton and Nefertiti • GPS EQ: answer the following at the bottom of your test: • Name the two ways in which Buddhism got to China, and identify which one is the most important way. • Describe how Hindus link the caste system to their religious beliefs. Homework: Fill in Qin, Zhou, kung Tzu, Mandate of Heaven, and Confucianism on your guided notes.

  26. What is the vocabulary word that means non-violence? Ahimsa http://teachersites.schoolworld.com/webpages/ACleary/

  27. What word refers to a physical or mental action or motion that is performed regularly and has religious or spiritual meaning behind it? ritual

  28. What are the Dalits? Untouchables – or god’s children

  29. Who advocated for the Dalits in the 1930s and 1940s? Mohandas Ghandi

  30. Which light-skinned, ancient, Indo-European group came from the Northern part of India and conquered the Southern darker skinned people putting them into the caste system? Aryans

  31. What word means duty, or obligation, to your caste? Dharma

  32. What is the name of the Elephant God, the God of prosperity and intelligence? Ganesha

  33. What is the word that is the English equivalent of a ‘worship service’? Puja or Pooja

  34. What does jalit mean? caste

  35. Which ancient book stresses the importance of the caste system and fulfilling one’s duty? The Baghavad Gita

  36. Who is the Warrior prince who must kill his family and friends in order to please the God Krishna? Arjuna

  37. What word means representation of a God, or a God’s persona? Avatar

  38. Why do Hindus believe they are NOT a polytheistic religion? Because they worship the avatars, or representations of the one spirit, Brahman

  39. How is racism incorporated into the caste system? Often in India, the darker one’s skin, the lower one is in the caste levels

  40. Why has Southern India largely broken away from the caste system in politics? • It has a strong economic base allowing more wealth, so that all levels benefit • Technological advances have allowed those of lower castes to become rich and move up

  41. What is the name for the main religious Hindu text, an at least 4,000 year old collection of scriptures that form the basis of Hindu belief? The Vedas

  42. What is the goal of the cycle of reincarnation? To achieve Moksha OR To break out of the cycle of suffering through life and reincarnation

  43. What does it mean to achieve Moksha - what happens to the person’s soul? It becomes one with Brahma/Brahman

  44. What are the main gods that are worshipped in Hinduism? Brahma Shiva Vishnu Ganesh/Ganesha Parvati (Ganesha’s mother)

  45. How does one get to the next caste level? By fulfilling one’s duty to one’s caste, even if that means collecting cow patties

  46. How does a Hindu temple reflect the belief in the caste system? It has many archictectural levels just like the castes

  47. Where do most Hindus worship and perform the rituals? In the home

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