NECK PAIN

1. NECK PAIN Prepared by : Nik Nabilah Nek Rakami 141 Nawwar Afifah Zakaria 151 Nurul Iman Noor Zaidi 152 Nor Aznieda Mohd Rosli 159

2. Introduction • Neck pain (or cervicalgia) is a common problem, with two-thirds of the population having neck pain at some point in their lives. • Neck pain may come from any of the structures in the neck including: vascular, nerve, airway, digestive, and musculature / skeletal or be referred from other areas of the body

3. CAUSES OF NECK PAIN Nor Aznieda binti Mohd Rosli 159

4. Major and severe causes of neck pain include: • Carotid artery dissection • Referred pain from acute coronary syndrome • Infections: retropharyngeal abscess, epiglottitis, etc. • Spondylosis - degenerative arthritis and osteophytes • Spinal stenosis – a narrowing of the spinal canal • Spinal disc herniation – protruding or bulging discs, or if severe prolapse.

5. Carotid artery dissection We must differentiate between pseudoangina and true angina.

6. spondylosis

7. Cervical stenosis

8. Disc herniation

9. The more common and lesser neck pain causes include: • Stress – physical and emotional stresses • Prolonged postures – many people fall asleep on sofas and chairs and wake with sore necks • Minor injuries and falls – car accidents, sporting events and day to day minor injuries • Referred pain – mostly from upper back problems • Over-use – muscular strain is one of the most common causes • Whiplash

10. Prolong posture

11. whiplash

12. stress

13. More causes include • poor sleeping posture, • torticollis, • head injury, • rheumatoid arthritis, • congenital cervical rib, • mononucleosis, rubella, • certain cancers(metastasis) • ankylosing spondylitis, • cervical spine fracture, • FMS

14. Differential Diagnosis and Work Up Nik Nabilah Nek Rakami 06-04-141

15. Diff diagnosis of neck pain

16. How to diagnose correctly?

17. Myofascial pain

19. Inflammatory rheumatic

20. Cervical spondylosis

21. Deep neck infection

22. Cervical strain of whiplash injury

23. TREATMENT OF NECK PAIN NurulImanNoorZaidi 06-4-152

25. Physical therapy • ice or heat • electrical • stimulation therapy

26. Neck traction • Massage therapy.

27. Exercise therapy • strengthening and improving the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that support the vertebrae • Physical therapists can instruct you on proper posture, lifting, and walking techniques

29. Alternative Therapy • chiropractic manipulation • acupuncture

30. Herbal Remedies Capsaicin Cream Devil's Claw White Willow Bark • Yoga

31. Medication • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -ibuprofen -naproxen to reduce inflammation and relieve pain • analgesic -taken with the NSAID or muscle relaxant 2. Steroids -reduce the swelling -reduce inflammation of the nerves -immediate pain relief within 24-hours. severe

32. Surgery • rarely recommended….unless you have; • a proven disc herniation, • cervical cord compression, • problems with balance and coordination, • the pain is severe

34. The surgical procedures to treat neck pain includes : • Anterior cervical discectomy • Laminectomy • Laminoplasty • Cervical spinal fusion. -for instability; -rheumatoid arthritis subluxation -car accident

35. Neck Pain Prevention and Relief NawwarAfifahBintiZakaria 151