DFBA Forensic Research Activities

1. DFBA Forensic Research Activities Forensic Science Research Stakeholder Meeting Bill Zimmerman – 12 February 2018 UNCLASSIFIED

2. The Value of Forensics and Biometrics US commanders should expect to conduct identity activities as part of a multinational force conducting military operations. These operations, which could occur in a formal multinational alliance or a less formal coalition, could span the conflict continuum and require coordination with a variety of other interorganizational partners. Joint Doctrine Note 2-16, Identity Activities, 3 Aug 2016 UNCLASSIFIED “Commanders in the field have acknowledged two tactical "game changers": constant surveillance from advances in manned and unmanned aircraft and the application of law enforcement forensic and biometric techniques on the battlefield. These capabilities remove violent extremists' greatest defense --- anonymity --- and make them vulnerable to attribution and enable action. We must develop the next game-changing advances.” LTG Michael Barbero (ret.) Director, JIEDDO, 2011-2013

3. DFBA Mission UNCLASSIFIED DFBA leads, consolidates and coordinates forensics and biometrics activities and operations for the Department of Defense in support of identity activities.

4. DoD Biometric and Forensic Enterprise Operations UNCLASSIFIED

5. How We Are Organized Senior Advisor, Defense Intelligence Senior Level (DISL) Deputy Director Operations Officer Director Business Enterprise Specialist Executive Officer Chief Engineer Chief of Staff Plans & STRATCOM Policy & Engagement Requirements Standards Information Systems Operations Support Architecture Knowledge Management Intel Forensics Cyber Security Watch Desk Exam Services Network Security Inter-operability Initiatives UNCLASSIFIED

6. DFBA S&T/RDT&E DFBA coordinates Science and Technology (S&T) and Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) programs and efforts to guide development and transition of technologies that enhance forensic and/or biometrics-enabled capabilities. DoD Authority: DoDD 5205.15E, DoD Forensic Enterprise “Coordinate with the Heads of the DoD Components to… establish and maintain training, professional certification, and RDT&E programs for the forensics disciplines for which the Secretary of the Army is the DoD EA.” “Provide integration and joint operational RDT&E of new forensics capabilities to the DoD Components in support of the [Joint Force Commander].” UNCLASSIFIED

7. DoD Forensic RDT&E Strategy Provide improvements to: • Timeliness—Deliver an answer in a shorter period of time allowing for faster decision making, particularly within our adversaries’ decision cycle; • Accuracy—Increase the likelihood of delivering the correct answer or deliver a more correct answer than previous technologies that allow for more informed decision making; • Completeness—Increase the quantity or value of the information that allows for more informed decision making; Deliver reductions in: • Cost—Provides cost savings by reducing the price of manpower, technologies, processes, maintenance/up keep or supporting capabilities; • Footprint—Delivers ‘smaller, faster, lighter’ technologies that produce reliable analysis closer to the point of collection as well as increasing automated analysis that reduces manual processes and human intervention. Reference: Defense Biometric and Forensic Office Research, Development, Test and Evaluation Strategy, Jan 15 UNCLASSIFIED

8. FY17 PM DoD Biometrics S&T • Sensors: Standoff / no touch collection • Improved / New Modalities: Face from Video; Voice Print; FaSTR DNA • Screening: Cooperative; controlled / slow walking pace • Portable, more efficient systems; enhanced data processing and dissemination – better algorithms to translate biometric information into actionable intelligence • Sensors: Enhance data from ground and cyber domain agnostic sensors platforms • Improved New Modalities & Surveillance:Bio Signatures from video; Face in the Crowd, Scars, Marks and Tattoos; Physiological (hair, height, weight, build); Behavioral (gait, body position) • Screening: Cooperative & Non-cooperative; lesser controlled environment, normal walking pace • Collection from non-traditional sources: Biometric signatures from publically available sources e.g., open source, social networks, search engines • Identifying, locating, and Tracking an individual across expanded terrain coverage in Near Real time • Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS): Automated collection, matching, tipping, cueing and alerting other sensors and analysts • Screening, Tracking and Surveillance: At increased distance • Predictive Intelligence: Employing Human, Social and Cultural Behavior (HSCB) modeling to detect threatening behavior Near Mid Far

9. Forensics/Biometrics Research Capability/Project Highlights University of Virginia: • FaSTR (Rapid DNA) • 3- year project to develop an automated DNA analysis instrument small enough and light enough to fit into a backpack, and able to accomplish much of what a full-scale central laboratory can do – but quicker, onsite, and a lot less expensive. DFSC Office of the Chief Scientist: • Provides forensic support to external researchers through the management and oversight of forensics projects ranging from expert technical input to collaborative laboratory evaluation of project deliverables by OCS staff • OCS Staff conducts internal research • Internship opportunities • RDT&E Projects span several forensic disciplines (e.g. pattern evidence, DNA, drug chemistry, digital evidence) UNCLASSIFIED

10. Forensics/Biometrics Research Capability/Project Highlights Center for Identification Technology Research (CITeR): DFBA is an affiliate member of CITeR. Faculty, researchers, and students from each CITeRUniversity Site participate to rapidly advance identification technologies through novel research. As an affiliate, DFBA provides feedback to researchers and votes on projects to receive CITeR funding. • Latent Fingerprint Matching: Performance Gain via Feedback from Exemplar Prints (2014, S. S. Arora, E. Liu, K. Cao and A. K. Jain) • A Mobile Structures Light System for 3D Face Acquisition (2016, M. Piccirilli, G. Doretto, A. Ross, and D. Adjeroh) • On a Taxonomy of Ear Features (2016, S. El-Naggar, A. Abaza, and T. Bourlai) UNCLASSIFIED

11. Forensics/Biometrics Research Capability/Project Highlights Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity: • Nail to Nail (N2N) Challenge (Completed 2017) • Challenge included industry and academia to develop the best autonomous nail to nail fingerprint capture device. • Promote and benchmark research in biometrics applied to nail to nail fingerprint scanning • Stimulate various communities to develop and enhance automated methods to derive accurate nail to nail finger print scanning comparable to existing fingerprint capture standards for accuracy, speed, and latent capture accuracy • Foster innovation through crowdsourcing and to remove the need for a human operator and to move beyond current research limitations for nail to nail fingerprint scanning • Cultivate and sustain an ongoing collaborative community dedicated to this technology and research • Included prizes for Best Usable Matching System, Fastest Scan Prize, Best Gallery Accuracy, Best Latent Accuracy, Print Provider and Master Builder UNCLASSIFIED

12. Forensics/Biometrics Research Capability/Project Highlights US Army Research, Development and Engineer Command: • ARL: • Polarimetric Thermal Facial Recognition • CERDEC I2WD: • Video Identification and Collection • CERDEC NVESD: • Biometrics System Interoperability Laboratory UNCLASSIFIED

13. DFBA RDT&E POC William (Bill) Zimmerman Chief Engineer Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency william.h.zimmerman6.civ@mail.mil (703) 571-0404 Michelle Giorgilli DFBA Science & Technology Contract Support michelle.a.giorgilli.ctr@mail.mil (703) 571-0428 UNCLASSIFIED

14. Questions? UNCLASSIFIED

15. Back-Up

16. The Evolution of DFBA June 2013 BIMA re-designated as DFBA and as a Field Operating Agency (FOA) March 2010 The Secretary of the Army signed the DAGO authorizing the re-designation of BTF as the US Army BIMA October 2000 The BFC opens in Clarksburg, WV under Army CIO-G-6 2000 ’01 ’02 ’03 ‘04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 2010 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 July 2000 Public Law 106-246 created the BMO and established the Army as the EA for Biometrics within DoD under Army CIO/G-6 April 2006 The BMO and BFC were consolidated into the BTF under the (G-3/5/7) October 2016 Term “BIMA” is retired as Biometrics Identity Management Activity is renamed Biometrics Operations Division (the “BOD”) October 2012 DFBA transitions from G-3/5/7 to OPMG UNCLASSIFIED

17. Where DFBA Fits In AR 71-9 Warfighting Capabilities Determination DoDD 5205.15E Designates SecArmy as DoD EA for numerous Forensics Disciplines SECRETARY OF THE ARMY DOD FORENSICS Requirements Validation ASD DDR&E PSA ASD Acquisition EA DOD BIOMETRICS UNDERSECRETARY CSA VICE AROC JS J8 Protection FCB DoDD 8521.01E Designates SecArmy as DoD EA for Biometrics HQDA GO 2016-08 The PMG is the official authorized to act on the SecArmy’s behalf for DoD EA responsibilities, functions, and authorities assigned to the SecArmy for DoD Biometrics and DoD Forensics. G-3/5/7 G-8 TRADOC G-4 HQDA GO 2012-01 Leads the implementation, development and dissemination of Army policies and protocols for forensics and biometrics AAE AR 70-1 G-2 FDI FDJ OD CI USACIDC OPMG ARCIC ASA(ALT) PEO (IEWS) DO CD IF ATP 3-90.15 COP/Exploitation Integration TR 71-20 Capability Integration DFSC PM(s) DFBA DO FOA ARMY TAA MCCOE ICOE MSCOE POM AR 5-22 Force modernization proponent for forensics EXECUTIVE AGENT Biometrics DoD ABIS Forensics DFSC / FXD TCM TI EA DELEGATED OFFICIAL DO TR 71-12 TRADOC Charter AR 5-22 Force modernization proponent for biometrics FIELD OPERATING AGENCY FOA UNCLASSIFIED

18. Executive Agent Functions Biometrics Technology Center – Clarksburg, WV Defense Forensic Science Center – Forest Park, GA • Coordinate, synchronize and integrate the DoD’s technical and operational capabilities into efficient and effective employment of forensics and biometrics services • Manage the Lifecycle Requirements for the DoD forensics and biometrics communities • Advocate DoD interests to accelerate the development of forensics and biometrics standards and facilitate their formal adoption • Integrate DoD with forensics and biometrics capabilities throughout the United States Government • Provide the DoD with the ability to manage and evolve its Forensics and Biometrics capabilities as part of achieving overall business and warfighter objectives • Provide guidance for efficient, effective improvements across multiple capabilities throughout the DoD and facilitate enterprise-wide solutions that require an integrated approach • Management and execution of the DoD Forensics and Biometrics strategic planning processes • Assessment, development and coordination of policies • Facilitation of governance processes • Strategic engagement with interagency and multinational stakeholders • Strategic communications and outreach • Focus on the future applications of forensics and biometrics Source: DoDDs 5101.1, 8521.01E, 5205.15E UNCLASSIFIED