By ：李　畅　　　朱建伟李　伟　　　张　闻

VS Columbus Zheng He By：李　畅　　　朱建伟李　伟　　　张　闻

Introduction Motive Course Influence Memory Conclusion Outline

Introduction — Zheng He • Zheng He’s original name was Ma He. He was born around 1371 in China, Kun Yang, a town in southwest Yunan Province. • Zheng He’s remarkable journey began when the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty ordered him to sail to "the countries beyond the horizon, all the way to the end of the earth". • Between 1405 – 1433, Admiral Zheng He sailed the Indian and Western oceans, visiting more than 30 countries from Asia to Africa and as far as the central and eastern coasts of the African nations.

Introduction — Columbus • Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India (in order to trade for spices). • He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504.

Economics PoliticsCulture Christian Faith Wealth Ambition Zheng He VS Columbus Introduction Motive Course Influence Memory Conclusion Motive

Motive — Zheng He • The economic motive for these huge ventures may have been important, and many of the ships had large private cabins for merchants. • But the chief aim was probably political, to enroll further states as tributaries and mark the reemergence of the Chinese Empire following nearly a century of barbarian rule. • The political character of Zheng He's voyages indicates the primacy of the political elites. Despite their formidable and unprecedented strength, Zheng He's voyages were not intended to extend Chinese sovereignty overseas.

Motive — Zheng He • More importantly, they served to transmit Chinese culture to South and Southeast Asia and the east coast of Africa. • At the time, many of the countries of these regions were still relatively undeveloped, and therefore quite attracted to China's advanced civilization. • Zheng He's western voyages were not just an opportunity to carry out overseas trade.

Motive — Columbus • Columbus was a man armed with the dream of reaching the East Indies by sailing West. Like every other explorer, Columbus had many reasons for his exploration. • First, he wanted to bring the Christian Faith to the inhabitants of the Indies. He was described by his contemporaries as a pious and thoughtful man. These were the qualities which most impressed Queen Isabella. • Second, and arguably of equal or greater importance as a motive, Columbus wanted a share in the wealth of any trade with the Indies in order to secure his and his family's financial future. • Third, Columbus was ambitious. He demanded of the Crown that he be named "Viceroy of the Indies" and "Admiral of the Ocean Seas."

Introduction Motive Course Zheng He’s voyages from China littoral to Indian Ocean Influence Memory Conclusion Columbus’ trips from the Mediterranean to North America ZhengHe VS Columbus Course

Course ---- Zheng He The First Trip • Zheng He's first fleet included 27870men on 317 ships. On the way back it sailed along the west coast of India and returned home in 1407. 直挂云帆济沧海长风破浪会有时 The time will come to ride the wind and part the waves To set the sails of cloud and brave the boundless sea.

Course ---- Zheng He The Second /Third Trip • Envoys from Calicut in India and several countries in Asia and the Middle East also boarded the ships to pay visits to China. • Zheng He's second and third voyages taken shortly after, followed roughly the same route. The Fourth Trip • In the fall of 1413, Zheng He set out with 30,000 men to Arabia on his fourth and most ambitious voyage. • From Hormuz he coasted around the Arabian boot to Aden at the mouth of the Red Sea. • The arrival of the fleet caused a sensation in the region, and 19 countries sent ambassadors to board Zheng He's ships with gifts for Emperor Yong Le.

Course ---- Zheng He The Fifth/Sixth Trip • In 1417, after two years in Nanjing and touring other cities, the foreign envoys were escorted home by Zheng He. • On this trip, he sailed down the east coast of Africa, stopping at Mogadishu, Matindi, Mombassa and Zanzibar and may have reached Mozambique. • The sixth voyage in 1421 also went to the African coast.

Course ---- Zheng He The Seventh Trip • Emperor Yong Le died in 1424 shortly after Zheng He's return. Yet, in 1430 the admiral was sent on a final seventh voyage. • Now 60 years old, Zheng He revisited the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and Africa and died on his way back in 1433 in India.

Course ---- Columbus

The First Trip Course ---- Columbus • Columbus sailed for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain. • On his first trip, Columbus led an expedition with three ships, including Santa Maria (captained by Columbus), and about 90 crew members. • They set sail on Aug. 3, 1492 from Palos, Spain, and on October 11, 1492, spotted the Caribbean islands off southeastern North America. • They landed on an island they called Guanahani, but Columbus later renamed it San Salvador. • Columbus thought he had made it to Asia, and called this area the Indies, and called its inhabitants Indians.

Course ---- Columbus The Second Trip • On a second, larger expedition (Sept. 25, 1493-June 11, 1496), Columbus sailed with 17 ships and 1,200 to 1,500 men to find gold and capture Indians as slaves in the Indies. • He established a base in Hispaniola and sailed around Hispaniola and along the length of southern Cuba. • He spotted and named the island of Dominica on November 3, 1493. The Third Trip • On a third expedition (May 30, 1498-October 1500), Columbus sailed farther south, to Trinidad and Venezuela. • Columbus was the first European since the Viking Leif Ericsson to set foot on the mainland of America.

Course ---- Columbus The Fourth Trip • On his fourth and last expedition (May 9, 1502-Nov. 7, 1504), Columbus sailed to Mexico, Honduras and Panama (in Central America) and Santiago (Jamaica). • Columbus is buried in eastern Hispaniola (now called the Dominican Republic).

VS Columbus ZhengHe Introduction Motive Course Influence Memory Conclusion Influence

Influence ---- Zheng He • Zheng He made seven wondrous voyages of discovery between 1405 and 1433. His voyages played important roles in encouraging Chinese traders to continue seeking fortune in Southeast Asia and he had the influence over the culture and religion of the local communities.

Influence ---- Zheng He • His achievements show that China had the ships and navigational skills to explore the world. Mysteriously, China did not follow up on these voyages. • The Chinese destroyed their ocean going ships and halted further expeditions. Thus, a century later, Europeans would "discover" China, instead of the Chinese "discovering" Europe.

Influence ---- Zheng He • After the death of Zheng He and Yong Le, the emperor of Dynasty Ming, the new emperor didn’t propose the deeply development of sailing. • On the contrary, he forbid the sailing to foreign countries and refuse to trade with foreign merchant. Then, China had fallen behind many other west countries.

Influence ---- Columbus • Columbus had found Bahamas Cuba and North America. His activity had deeply proposed the development of the communication of vary countries and the technique of sailing in the west world. • Especially, the countries like Spain ,England had become the most powerful countries quickly through trading outside.

By ： 李 畅 朱建伟 李 伟 张 闻