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Toru Usami

Economy Specific Research and Introduction of Successful Results of New / Renewable Energy Technology Development and Demonstration. The 23 rd Meeting of the Expert Group on New and Renewable Energy Technologies 10-13 November 2004 Christchurch, New Zealand. Toru Usami.

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Toru Usami

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  1. Economy Specific Research and Introduction of Successful Results of New / Renewable Energy Technology Development and Demonstration The 23rd Meeting of the Expert Group on New and Renewable Energy Technologies 10-13 November 2004 Christchurch, New Zealand Toru Usami International Projects Department

  2. Outline of NEDO History 1980：　Established for new energy/energy conservation technology development under jurisdiction of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 1988： Commenced R&D on industrial technologies (nanotechnology/biotechnology) 1990： Commenced R&D on environmental technologies (recycling technology) 1992： Commenced installation support activities for new energy/energy conservation technologies Present： A core organization of Japan’s R&D Others FY2004 budget Alcohol manufacturing/sales Total：　2.83billion US$ Industrial/ environment technology development Industrial/environment technology development： 1.24billion US$（44%） New energy/energy conservation installation support New energy/energy conservation technology development： 290million US$(10%) New energy/energy conservation technology development New energy/energy conservation installation support： 560million US$(20%) Alcohol manufacturing/sales： 530million US$(19%) Others： 220million US$(8%)

  3. Outline 1．Significance of Renewable Energy Introduction in Japan 2．Outline of Government Policies and Measures 3．Research and Development Activities 4．Installation Support Activities 5．Results of R&D/installation support activities 6．Lessons Learned

  4. Significance of Renewable Energy Introduction in Japan Current global scenario ・Depletion of fossil fuel ・Population increase Increase of fossil fuel consumption ・Global warming ・Economic growth Current scenario in Japan ・Almost 80% of Japan’s energy supply is imported ・Commitment to reducing GHG to 6% below the 1990 level Further introduction of renewable energies is a high priority in Japan Successful results：systematic promotion of the introduction and dissemination of PV power generation systems ・Solar cell production / cumulative installed capacity in 2003： ranked first in the world

  5. Outline of Government Policies and Measures Focus on two aspects: R&D and installation support activities Increase of production level Cost reduction R&D Installation support Creation and expansion of initial market 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 R&D Sunshine Program New Sunshine Program 1974 1993 1990 The Electricity Utilities Industry Law revised NEDO Established 1992 Purchase of surplus PV generated power by electric companies 1992 PV installation subsidy system for public utilities Commenced based on the fruitful results of the Sunshine Project 1993 The Grid Connection Guidelines including adverse currents 1994 PV installation subsidy system for residential consumers 1994 The Basic Guidelines for New Energy Installation support Introduction 1997 The Law concerning Promotion of the Use of New Energy 1998 PV installation subsidy system for industrial facilities 1998 Long-term Energy Supply/Demand Outlook 2003 The Renewable Portfolio Standard

  6. Outline of Government Policies and Measures METI’s budget for R&D and PV power generation systems installation support activities ・R&D： approx. 60 million US$ allocated since the 1980s ・Installation support： focused since the 1990s on initial market creation METI budget （US$/y） Started in 1993： Installation support （residential） Started in 1997： Installation support（industrial facilities） Started in 1992： Installation support (public facilities） R&D The New Sunshine Project （StageⅠ second-half） The Sunshine Project （1974～） （StageⅠ first-half） ※1US$=107JPY Source：NEDO document

  7. R&D Activities （Cell Manufacturing Technology) NEDO： Central role in development of PV cell manufacturing technology and development of system technologies Solar cell manufacturing technology development Items for development：　・Low cost manufacturing process technologies ・Greater manufacturing efficiency ・Stable material supply Targets：　・Crystalline silicon solar cells ・Thin-film solar cells ・Compound semiconductor solar cells Significant reduction of solar cell module manufacturing cost (Particularly during the Sunshine Project) System technology development Targets： inverters, peripheral equipment such as storage batteries Significant reduction of peripheral equipment installation price

  8. R&D Activities （Cell Manufacturing Technology) Solar cell module manufacturing cost reduction （achieved by the Sunshine Project) ・More than 90% cost reduction during the Sunshine Project Based on this result, installation support activities commenced for initial demand creation in 1990s 20,000JPY/W（’74） Module manufacturing cost （yen/W） 1990～：Installation support commenced Installation support (public facilities) 1992： 1990： 5,000yen/W（’80） The Electricity Utilities Industry Law revised 2,000yen/W（’82） 1,200yen/W（’85） 600yen/W（’92） The Sunshine Project （1974-1992） Source ：New Energy Manual （Agency of Natural Resources and Energy）

  9. R&D Activities （System Technology) NEDO： Central role in development of PV cell manufacturing technology and development of system technologies Solar cell manufacturing technology development Items for development：　・Low cost manufacturing process technologies ・Greater manufacturing efficiency ・Stable material supply Targets：　・Crystalline silicon solar cells ・Thin-film solar cells ・Compound semiconductor solar cells Significant reduction of solar cell module manufacturing cost (Particularly during the Sunshine Project) System technology development Targets：inverters, peripheral equipment such as storage batteries Significant reduction of peripheral equipment installation price

  10. R&D Activities （System Technology) Installation price reduction of PV power generation systems for residential use ・1993→2002：installation cost of inverters and other equipment decreased more than 90% 1993→2002：general system installation price decreased more than 80% Installation price of PV power generation systems for residential use（mln yen/kW） 3.67mln yen/kW Inverters and peripheral equipment Standard construction cost Module price 2mln yen/kW 1.43mln yen/kW 1.17mln yen/kW 1.03mln yen/kW 1.02mln/kW 0.96mln/kW 0.87mln/kW 0.79mln/kW 0.73mln/kW Source： Resources Total System Co., Ltd.

  11. Installation Support Activities Effective installation support activities are a systematic combination of following procedures : ・Subsiding PV system installation ・Setting national targets of PV power introduction ・Establishing various guidelines, laws and regulations 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1990 The Electricity Utilities Industry Law revised Subsidy system 1992 Purchase of surplus PV generated power by electric companies National targets 1992 PV installation subsidy system for public utilities 1993 Guidelines, laws and The Grid Connection Guidelines including adverse currents regulations 1994 PV installation subsidy system for residential consumers 1994 The Basic Guidelines for New Energy Installation support Introduction 1997 The Law concerning Promotion of the Use of New Energy 1998 PV installation subsidy system for industrial facilities 1998 Long-term Energy Supply/Demand Outlook 2003 The Renewable Portfolio Standard

  12. Installation Support Activities (Subsidy Systems) Installation price reduction of PV power generation systems for residential use ・Installation price reduced through installation support activities in addition to the favorable results of R&D activities 1993→2002：residential use system installation cost decreased more than 80% Installation price of PV power generation systems for residential use（mln yen/kW） Source：METI

  13. Installation Support Activities (Subsidy Systems) Effective installation price reduction of PV power generation systems for residential use ・Subsidy rate covering up to one-half during initial expensive price phase →Actively promote creation of initial demand ・As installation cost decreases, subsidy rates are scaled back →Subsidy rates are scaled back, creating a transition to an unsubsidized market Installation price of PV power generation systems for residential use（mln yen/kW） Effective installation price Subsidy Source：METI

  14. Results of R&D/installation support activities（Annual Installation Volume） PV power generation system annual installation volume ・Annual installation volume of PV power generation systems, residential volume in particular, is increasing Annual growth of PV power generation （mln kW/y） Public/industrial facilities （subsidized） General market（not subsidized） Residential （subsidized） Source： Current status and outlook of the PV power generation industry, 2003 edition (NEDO)

  15. ・Japan860MW ・Germany 410MW ・USA 275MW ・India 83MW ・China 58MW ・Holland 46MW Results of R&D/installation support activities（Cumulative Installed Capacity） Cumulative PV power generation installed capacity in 2003 ・Japan’s cumulative installation volume ranks first in the world: approx. 860MW Cumulative PV power generation installation volume in 2003（MW） Source：IEA-PVPS T1-13: 2004

  16. Results of R&D/installation support activities（Production Volume） Annual solar cell production volume ・Japan’s production volume has rapidly increased since 1998: 331MW in 2003 ・Accounted for approx. 45% of the world production volume in 2003 Annual solar cell production volume（MW/y） Other Other U.S.A. Japan U.S.A. Europe Europe (2003) Japan Source：PV news

  17. Lessons Learned Lessons learned Renewable energies with less advantageous economic aspect: ・Combination of R&D and installation support activities is effective to promote introduction ・Government’s involvement is important at the initial stage of introduction ＜Government’s involvement＞ Increase of production level Cost reduction R&D Installation support Creation and expansion of initial market ・Establishment of subsidy systems ・Creation of national introduction targets ・Establishment of laws, guidelines and regulations Future focus The higher cost relative to conventional energy sources still persists →Prevents unsubsidized market expansion METI and NEDO continue active implementation of R&D and installation support activities

  18. Thank you

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