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Muon Collider R&D in the US

Muon Collider R&D in the US. Muon Collider Program. Closely coupled with R&D on the Neutrino Factory IDS-NF The R&D program is now encompassed in a 5 Year Plan Proposal submitted to DOE in December, 2008 Two Main Thrusts Support on-going international commitments MICE IDS

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Muon Collider R&D in the US

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  1. Muon Collider R&D in the US

  2. Muon Collider Program • Closely coupled with R&D on the Neutrino Factory • IDS-NF • The R&D program is now encompassed in a 5 Year Plan • Proposal submitted to DOE in December, 2008 • Two Main Thrusts • Support on-going international commitments • MICE • IDS • Deliver a Muon Collider Design Feasibility Study by 2013 Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  3. Muon Complex Evolution At Fermilab • Starting with a high-intensity proton source: Project X • We see a natural evolution of “muon” program for Fermilab • Project X ® Low-Energy NF (pointing to Homestake) ® High-Energy NF ® 1.5 TeV MC ® 4 TeV MC Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  4. Part I: IDS-NF Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  5. Fermilab to DUSEL (South Dakota) baseline -1290km 4 GeV muons yield appropriate L/En Use a magnetized totally active scintillator detector IDS-NF Option: 4 GeV n-Factory Geer, Mena, Pascoli Phys. ReV D 75, 093001 (2007) Bross, Ellis, Geer, Mena, Pascoli Phys. ReV D 77, 093012 (2008) Ankenbrandt, Bogacz, Bross, Geer, Johnstone, Neuffer, Popovic Fermilab-Pub-09-001-APC; Submitted to PRSTAB Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  6. The Energy Frontier via m+ m-Collisions • MC: One Concept • 4 TeV Center-of-Mass • Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron Acceleration Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  7. Muon Collider - Motivation Reach Multi-TeV Lepton-Lepton Collisions at High Luminosity Muon Colliders may have special role for precision measurements. Small DE beam spread – Precise energy scans Small Footprint - Could Fit on Existing Laboratory Site Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  8. The Supersymmetric Particle Zoo • Independent of actual supersymmetric mass scale and the reach of the ILC, the 2004 CLIC Study conclusions are still valid • “A Multi-TeV machineis needed for extended coverage of the mass range Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  9. The Gospel According to Snowmass Do we really need a multi-TeV COM Lepton Collider? Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  10. But the Physics Case is Not Static Strong Case for considering Multi-TeV Lepton Collider Stephen Martin hep-ph/0703097 March, 2007 A typical sample “compressed” Higgs and superpartner mass spectrum with WDMh2 = 0.11 An unfortunate feature, quite common to this scenario for dark matter, is that no visible superpartners would be within reach of a linear collider with √s = 500 GeV Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  11. U.S. Muon Acceleration R&D Community The Usual Suspects

  12. OrganizationWe have been around a while – “You can’t tell the players without a score card” • NFMCC (Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider Collab.) • National collaboration funded since 1999. • Pursues Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider R&D. • NF R&D pursued with international partners • MCTF (Muon Collider Task Force) • Task Force established at Fermilab in 2006 • Pursues Muon Collider R&D, utilizing FNAL assets and extends & complements the NFMCC program • MCCC (Muon Collider Coordinating Committee) • Leadership of NFMCC (Bross, Kirk, Zisman) and MCTF (Geer, Shiltsev) • Co-ordinates NFMCC & MCTF plans to optimize the overall program … has worked well and resulted in a joint 5 year plan for future activities. Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  13. Muon Acceleration R&D Organization • R&D Program carried out by two groups • Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration • Fermilab Muon Collider Task Force MUON COLLIDER R&D CO-ORD COMMITTEE NFMCCLEADERSHIP A. Bross, H. KirkM. Zisman MCTFLEADERSHIP S. Geer V. Shiltsev + MuCool MICE IDS-NF Low-Energy NF Design & Sim. MTA Beam Line HP RF Helical Cooling High-Tc SC Design & Sim NEUTRINO FACTORY R&D PROGRAM MUON COLLIDER R&D PROGRAM Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  14. The Muon Collider Addressing the Technological Challenges

  15. Parameters of Different MC options Low Emit. High Emit. MCTF07 MCTF08 s (TeV) 1.5 Av. Luminosity (1034/cm2/s) * 2.7 1 1.33-2 Av. Bending field (T) 10 6 6 Mean radius (m) 361.4 500 500  495 No. of IPs 4 2 2 Proton Driver Rep Rate (Hz) 65 13 40-60 Beam-beam parameter/IP 0.052 0.087 0.1 * (cm) 0.5 1 1 Bunch length (cm) 0.5 1 1 No. bunches / beam 10 1 1 No. muons/bunch (1011) 1 20 11.3 Norm. Trans. Emit. (m) 2.1 25 12.3 Energy spread (%) 1 0.1 0.2 Norm. long. Emit. (m) 0.35 0.07 0.14 Total RF voltage (GV) at 800MHz 407103c 0.21** 0.84**  0.3† Muon survival N/N0 0.31 0.07 0.2 ? + in collision / proton 0.047 0.01 0.03 ? 8 GeV proton beam power 3.62*** 3.2 1.9-2.8 ? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  16. Muon Collider Facility Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  17. R&D Program Overview II • High Power Targetry – NF & MC (MERIT Experiment) • Initial Cooling – NF & MC (MICE (4D Cooling)) • 200 (& 805) MHz RF - NF & MC (MuCool and Muon’s Inc) • Investigate RF cavities in presence of high magnetic fields • Obtain high accelerating gradients (~15MV/m) • Investigate Gas-Filled RF cavities • Intense 6D Cooling – MC • RFOFO “Guggenheim” • Helical Channel Cooling (MANX Proposal) • Parametric Resonance Ionization Cooling • Bunch Recombination - MC • Acceleration– A cost driver for both NF & MC, but in very different ways • FFAG’s – (EMMA Demonstration) • Multi-turn RLA’s – a BIG cost reducer • RCS for MC • Storage Ring(s) – NF & MC • Theoretical Studies NF & MC • Analytic Calculations • Lattice Designs • Numeric Simulations Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  18. The Experiment Reached 30TP @ 24 GeV • Beam pulse energy = 115kJ • B-field = 15T • Jet Velocity = 20 m/s • Measured Disruption Length = 28 cm • Required “Refill” time is then 28cm/20m/s = 14ms • Rep rate of 70Hz • Proton beam power at that rate is 115kJ *70 = 8MW Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  19. The Basic Problem – B Field Effect805 MHz Studies • Data seem to follow universal curve • Max stable gradient degrades quickly with B field • Re-measured • Same results >2X Reduction @ required field Gradient in MV/m Peak Magnetic Field in T at the Window Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  20. 805 MHz Imaging Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  21. 201 MHz Cavity RunningSummary I (B=0) Limited by RF Power Design Gradient Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  22. 201 MHz Cavity RunningSummary II (B>0) Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  23. Facing the RF B Field Challenge • Three Approaches to a Solution • Reduce/eliminate field emission • Process cavities utilizing SCRF techniques • Material Studies • Surface coatings • Non-Cu bodies • RF cavities filled with High-Pressure gas (H2) • Utilize Paschen effect to stop breakdown • Magnetic Insulation • Eliminate magnetic focusing • Not Yet Tested Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  24. High-Gradient RF Operation B Field • Promising indications @ a Solution • SCRF Processing techniques help • Reduce dark current • More advanced techniques (Atomic-Layer-Deposition) may do more • Cavity material properties seem to be important • TiN helps • Coupled with SCRF processing may reduce FE even more • Mo, Be Coatings? • Gas-filled cavities show promise • Operation with beam critical next test Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  25. Muon Collider Design Emphasis on Cooling

  26. Muon Collider Design Progress • Muon Collider designs start with a NF front-end, but require a much more ambitious cooling channel (6D cooling ~ O(106) c.f. 4D cooling ~ O(100). • In the last 5 years concepts for a complete end-to-end self con-sistent cooling scheme have been developed • Requires beyond state-of-art components: need to be developed • Hardware development and further simulations need to proceed together to inform choices between alternative technologies • Also progress on acceleration scheme & Collider ring design, but the cooling channel presently provides the main Muon Collider challenge NF FRONT END Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  27. A Muon Collider Cooling Scenario Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  28. Guggenheim RFOFO - Simulations liquid H2 RF solenoid Pavel Snopok

  29. Helical Cooling Channel • Magnetic field is solenoid B0+ dipole + quad • System is filled with H2 gas, includes rf cavities • Cools 6-D (large E means longer path length) • But, incorporating RF is Engineering challenge! Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  30. HCC Magnet Design & Prototyping Helical solenoid (HS): Smaller coils than in a “snake” design Smaller peak field Lower cost Field components in HS determined by geometry Over constrained Coil radius is not free parameter 4 Coil Demonstration Model Validate mechanical structure and fabrication methods Study quench performance and margins, field quality, quench protection Use SSC conductor Outer bandage rings Inner bobbin Superconducting coils (one layer, hard bend wound) Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  31. Final Cooling • LH2 absorbers tested in MICE • 50 T Solenoids • National Very High Field Superconducting Magnet Collaboration • 2 Year $4M program to study HTS conductor and cable Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  32. Acceleration

  33. Acceleration - Overview • RLA: get more passes • Ramp linac magnets, get more passes (12) • Non-scaling FFAG arcs: get 2 passes per arc, maybe more • Fast ramping synchrotron (RCS) • Potential for many more passes • FFAG: not studied much as yet for Muon Collider Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  34. 0.9 GeV 244 MeV 146 m 79 m 0.6 GeV/pass 3.6 GeV 264 m 12.6 GeV 2 GeV/pass Initial Acceleration – Neutrino Factory Define beamlines/lattices for all components Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 34

  35. Acceleration -RCS Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  36. The Way Forward Joint NFMCC and Fermilab MCTF 5 Year Proposal to DOE

  37. The 5 Year PlanA Proposal Has now been submitted to DOE • A joint US: NFMCC-MCTF Plan • A measured program based on the solid muon accelerator R&D achievements of the last decade • Sufficiently ambitious to make substantial progress before the next round of long-term decisions by the particle physics community • Includes accelerator, physics & detector studies – we also have plans & estimates for physics & detector studies, but will be in a separate proposal) • Meets our existing commitments (NF-RDR, MICE) and in addition will deliver: • MC performance requirements based on physics • A first end-to-end MC simulation • Critical component development & proof-of-principle experiments • A first MC cost estimate Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  38. “The 5 Year Plan”(developed by All-US Community, coordinated by MCCC) • Goals : • establish feasibility of a Muon Collider by 2012-13 • deliver MC-DFS by 2013 and NF-RDR by 2012 • greatly narrow technology options, end-end simul’s • give cost estimates for MC and NF • Staged approach: PD  MCTF  NF  MC • - perfectly aligned with Fermilab’s long term plan outlined in Steering Group Report and P5 report Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  39. 5-Year Plan of Muon Accelerator R&DProgress to Date • v1.0 presented to MUTAC in Aug’08 • 1 hr briefing of D.Kovar and J.Blazey Nov’08 • Presented at the Dec’08 DoE review of Accelerator Science • Elaborated coherently in presentations of 4 labs • FNAL, LBNL, BNL and ANL • Formally submitted to DoE in Dec’08 • Current status: “interesting… wait” (CR, ARRA, budget, etc) Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  40. Elements of the MC R&D Plan Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  41. Resources » X3 Increase in Effort NOTE: Roll-over in years 4-5 provides an opportunity to initiate post-DFS activities, should the community wish us to proceed to the next step Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  42. Muon Collider Technical Foundation after 5 YearsFrom Here to There Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  43. Encouraging “Words”

  44. Very High Field SC Magnet Collaboration • The immediate goals (2 years): • The immediate goal (2 years) is to understand if Bi 2212 is a suitable vehicle for this task. • develop the technology to build magnets with B>30 T • Funded for 2 years @ $2M/yr Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  45. April 2009 MUTAC Review“Selected Excerpts” The committee endorses the integrated NFMCC and MCTF 5-year plan with the following goals: - NF RDR - Muon Collider feasibility report which depends on: MC performance requirements based on physics End to end MC simulation Critical component development and testing First cost estimate The collaboration estimates a factor of 3 increase in people resources is required and the committee agrees - Laboratories are not prepared to commit the full increment. The remainder will come from universities and SBIR initiatives - it is not clear to the committee that the expertise is available [ed. Help is Welcome!] We are impressed with the flow of new ideas, but concerned that given limited resources, options must be reduced. Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  46. MICE • Impressive progress • MICE experimental running (parasitic) • Civil engineering • Instrumentation installation and testing • Magnet design and procurement drives the early steps in the programme. • Cavity • Coordination with the ISIS schedule puts constraints on a complex and demanding programme. Moms will be increasingly important in ensuring reactive scheduling. • Five Year Plan • Six step programme matches both Neutrino and Muon programmes. Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

  47. MICE Recommendations To assess the performance of the 201 MHz RF in the magnetic field levels for MICE to verify the assumption of dark current levels. Recognising the vital contribution that a timely delivery of MICE step VI will make to both the neutrino factory IDS and a Design Feasibility Study (DFS) for a Muon Collider, this committee recommends that maximum pressure is exerted by the collaboration on UK funding bodies to make a timely decision to fund the entire programme to the aspirational timescale. Provide an assessment of the timescales and costs of a wedge absorber test MICE Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009

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