TSP Number 052-E-6025 Advise Commander/Staff of the Environmental Impact of Army Operations

1. TSP Number 052-E-6025Advise Commander/Staff of the Environmental Impact of Army Operations March 2008

2. Terminal Learning Objective • ACTION: Integrate environmental considerations into unit (garrison) and full spectrum operations. • CONDITION: Given a block of instructions, TM 38-410, FM 3-100.4, FM 5-19, and AR 200-1.

3. Terminal Learning Objective • STANDARD: Correctly answer questions relating to: • Identifying the responsibilities for managing a unit environmental program. • Integrating environmental considerations in full-spectrum operations.

4. Safety, Risk andEnvironmental Concerns • Safety Requirements: None • Risk Assessment Level: Low • Environmental Considerations: Training entirely of an administrative nature, with little or no environmental impact.

5. References • TM 38-410 Storage and Handling of Hazardous Material • FM 3-100.4 Environmental Considerations in Military Operations • FM 5-19 Composite Risk Management • AR 200-1 Environmental Protection & Enhancement • The Army Strategy for the Environment (2004) • 29 CFR Labor (Occupational Safety and Health Act) • 40 CFR Protection of the Environment • 49 CFR Transportation

6. Learning Objective #1 • Identify the Army Strategy for the Environment

7. Army Environmental Strategy“Sustain the Mission – Secure the Future” • Foster a Sustainable Ethic (vice a compliance mentality) • Strengthen Army Operations (reduce the logistical footprint) • Meet Test, Training and Mission requirements (ITAM and SRP) • Minimize Impacts and Total Ownership Costs (Support EMS/Sustainability programs) • Enhance Well-Being (Quality of Life; Army as a good neighbor) • Drive Innovation (technological aids)

8. Learning Objective #2 • Identify the responsibilities for managing a unit environmental program.

9. -Comply with environmental legal requirements. -Instill an environmental ethic -Incorporate environmental responsibilities and risk management into unit SOPs/OPORDs -Integrate environmental considerations into all unit operations -Ensure personnel receive required environmental training -Appoint and train environmental officers at appropriate organizational levels. -Report noncompliance and spills -Support the installation EMS Army Regulation 200-1 Environmental Quality Environmental Protection and Enhancement Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 13 Dec 2007 UNCLASSIFIED Army Environmental ProgramCommander’s Responsibilities

10. Legal Requirements • Sources: • Federal regulations • State and local regulations • Host Nation laws and regulations (example: country-specific Final Governing Standards [FGS]) • DoD and Army regulations and policies • Command level policies (Garrison Command, ARCENT, EUCOM, etc.) • OPORDs/OPLANs • Consequences of non-compliance

11. Environmental Ethic • Command policy • Leadership • Training/Briefings • Environmental Management System • Sustainability Program

12. SOP/OPORDS • Existing unit or organizational SOP • Example of SOP in FM 3-100.4 • Revise to fit your missions • Annex L (Environmental) example in FM 3-100.4

13. Environmental Considerations in all Unit Operations • Full Spectrum Operations • Force Health Protection • Civilian Population • Environmental Considerations (sensitive ecological areas such as the Iraq marshes; pollution prevention; endangered species) • Environmental Threats (Polluted areas Soldiers should not be based in; pest infestations) • Garrison • Integrate into SOPs • Integrate into risk assessments

14. Team Training Ensure that key personnel/teams are trained This training should include: • Spill prevention/response • Hazardous waste operations and emergency response • Personal Protective Equipment and first aid for exposure • Environmental compliance officer training • Specific environmental laws, regulations, and treaties • HM/HW handling, storage, transport • MSDS recognition and use • Field sanitation • Satellite Accumulation Points • Cultural, historic, religious sites; endangered species • Pollution Prevention

15. Environmental Officer • Appointment Orders • Training • Coordinates the unit environmental program for the commander • Coordination in planning and risk assessments

16. Report Noncompliance/Spills • Report thru your chain of command • Spill response IAW installation policy

17. Installation Environmental Management System • Recycling • Conservation • Waste Minimization • Alternative transportation • Alternative energy sources

18. Learning Objective #3 • Integrate environmental considerations in pre-deployment.

19. Pre-Deployment In Pre-deployment, environmental considerations should be included in: • Mission analysis • Training • Logistics planning

20. Mission Analysis • Information gathering on specific countries within the AO • Include environmental considerations in risk assessment for conducting operations • Integration of environmental considerations into specific plans (Laws, treaties, regulations, FGS; critical habitats; sensitive sites; environmental health hazards; types of industries, agriculture, natural resources present)

21. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield • Environmental considerations may include: • Potential weapons of mass destruction sites • Potential targets that the enemy may attack to inflict environmental damage or health hazards • Industrial factories that emit, produce, or store Toxic Industrial Materials (TIMS) • Location of oil and gas pipelines • Known sites of contamination • Endangered species or critical habitats • Environmentally sensitive areas • Historic, cultural, or religious sites or structures

22. Environmental Risk Management Process • Environmental risk assessment is used to estimate the impact of unit activities on the environment. • It assists commanders in complying with regulatory and legal requirements and operating within the higher commanders’ intent. • Check Annex L in Joint OPORDs/OPLANs or Appendix 2 to Engineer Annex F in OPORDs. (Example in FM 3-100.4)

23. Environmental Hazard and Risk Relationship • Identify the hazard • Assess the hazard • Develop controls and make decisions • Implement controls • Supervise and evaluate Tactical and accidental risks METT-TC hazards………Environmental hazards

25. Training • Pre-deployment training • Educational controls developed in Risk Assessment • Legally required training and refreshers

26. Logistics Planning • Procurement • HM • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Spill kits • Storage • Transportation

27. Learning Objective #4 • Integrate environmental considerations in deployment.

28. Transportation • Preparing vehicles and equipment for shipping (Unit Movement Officer) • Identifying Hazardous Material (HM)/Hazardous Waste (HW) • HM must be packaged and labeled IAW SOP or DoD regulations (may include special UN requirements). • Need a HAZMAT Certified person to certify loads. • Ensure correct documentation is on hand

29. Transportation

30. Transportation

31. Learning Objective #5 • Integrate environmental considerations in full spectrum operations.

32. Full Spectrum Operations • Military operations cause significant impacts on the environment • Some of the impact is unavoidable • Commanders must seek to minimize impacts • Reduction and mitigation of environmental damage serves to support US goals • Protecting the environment and health of military and civilian personnel reduces: • Long term reconstruction or remediation and medical costs • Supports information operations • Aligns with US national values • May solicit local support

33. Unidentified Hazardous Waste

34. AIR POLLUTION • Location of Air Pollution Sources • Burning or Damaged Buildings • Open Burning/Waste Disposal • Vehicle/Generator Exhaust • Contaminants • Dust, Silica, Asbestos, Lead • Organic Vapors and OrganicGases • Industrial Facilities

35. USTs / ASTs

36. Asbestos

37. PCBs

38. Learning Objective #6 • Integrate environmental considerations for sustainment.

39. Sustainment • The military’s concern for environmental considerations must extend throughout the operation. • As U.S. forces establish base camps, continue to pursue combat operations, and conduct security operations; environmental considerations must be integrated into plans and daily operations.

40. Base Camp and Installation Operations • Establishing base camps and occupying existing facilities such as ports and airfields requires extensive integration of environmental considerations. • These sites, sometimes approaching the size of small cities, require tremendous allocations of resources. • They generate waste in quantities similar to small cities, only without the existing infrastructure to support them. • HM/HW management in base camps is a key issue.

41. Hazardous Material • Any material, including waste, that may pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, property, or the environment.

42. Common Hazardous Material • Alcohol • Antifreeze • Batteries • Paint • Solvent • Cleaning supplies • Fuel • STB • Field sanitation kits • Fuel antifreeze

43. Hazardous Material Identification • Check the container label. • Check the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). • Check the DOD Hazardous Material Information Resource System (HMIRS). http://www.dlis.dla.mil/hmirs/ • Check with the supply officer, chain of command, installation environmental office (garrison), base camp management team or safety officer. • Call the manufacturer.

44. Material Safety Data Sheets If you have never seen a MSDS, take a minute to look at one. Page 1 of 7 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION MATHESON TRI-GAS, INC. EMERGENCY CONTACT: 959 ROUTE 46 EAST CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300 PARSIPPANY, NEW JERSEY 07054-0624 INFORMATION CONTACT: 973-257-1100 SUBSTANCE: DIMETHYL SULFATE TRADE NAMES/SYNONYMS: METHYL SULFATE; DIMETHYL MONOSULFATE; DIMETHYLSULFATE; DMS(METHYL SULFATE); DIMETHYL SULPHATE; SULFURIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER; BP-1195; RCRA U103; UN 1595; STCC 4933322; MAT07750; RTECS WS8225000 CHEMICAL FAMILY: organic, sulfates CREATION DATE: Jan 24 1989 REVISION DATE: Jun 17 2004 2. COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS COMPONENT: DIMETHYL SULFATE CAS NUMBER: 77-78-1 PERCENTAGE: 100.0 3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION NFPA RATINGS (SCALE 0-4): HEALTH=4 FIRE=2 REACTIVITY=0 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: COLOR: colorless PHYSICAL FORM: liquid ODOR: faint odor, onion odor MAJOR HEALTH HAZARDS: potentially fatal if inhaled, harmful if swallowed, respiratory tract burns, skin burns, eye burns, mucous membrane burns, suspect cancer hazard (in animals)

45. General Rules for Managing HM • Use non-hazardous substitutes when possible. • Have an MSDS for every HM. • Do not mix different HM together. • Do not stockpile HM. • Consolidate storage of HM. • Inspect HM storage areas weekly. • Prevent spills. • Ensure availability of PPE. • Follow first in, first out rule. • Implement shelf life program. • Maintain an inventory list.

46. General Rules for Managing HM (continued) • Ensure labels are legible. • Ensure lids are tight, containers are marked, labeled and visible to the observer. • Provide secondary containment. • Store flammable and reactive materials IAW regulations away from property line. • Secure containers.

47. Waste Determination There are three ways a waste can be regulated as hazardous: • Meets the definition of one or more of the hazardous waste characteristics. The four characteristics are ignitable, corrosive, reactive and toxic. • Is listed by EPA as a hazardous waste in 40 CFR 261. • Prior knowledge, e.g. testing

48. Expires By Law Discarded Unusable Mixtures Contamination HM Transformation to HW

49. Common Facility/Unit Waste Streams • Contaminated oil • Used batteries and acid • Used solvents • Contaminated fuels, when non-recyclable • Discarded fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides • Expired or discarded paints, inks, acids and oxidizers • Mixed waste • Used brake fluids • Used filters • Discarded explosives • Lead tire weights and battery connectors • Weapons cleaning material (all) • Painting material • Expired shelf-life material

50. Empty Containers • Use empty HM containers to accumulate the same resultant HW. • Remove or paint old markings and labels to avoid confusion about the contents and turn in IAW SOP. • Annotate all documentation pertaining to the contents (tracking number).