Health promotion vs Health Education

1. Health promotion vs Health Education

2. Health Promotion • A planned combination of educational, political, regulatory and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities (Green and Kreuter,1999)

3. Health Promotion • The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health… a commitment to dealing with the challenges of reducing inequities, extending the scope of prevention, and helping people to cope with their circumstances… creating environments conducive to health, in which people are better able to take care of themselves (WHO 1986)

4. Basic characteristics of health promotion • Enabling people to take control over, and responsibility for, their health as an important component of everyday life • Requiring the close cooperation of sectors beyond the health services • Combining diverse, but complimentary methods or approaches • Encouraging effective and concrete public participation (The Gorking Group on Concepts and Principles of Health promotion, 1987)

5. Triad of Health Promotion • Health Education • Health Protection • Disease Prevention

6. Disease Prevention Three levels of DISEASE PREVENTION • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

7. Primary Prevention • Action taken to avert the occurrence of disease • Primary level Interventions: • Medical – immunization/vaccination • Legislative • Societal • Educational – mother’s class • Individual efforts

8. Secondary Prevention • Action take to identify disease at their earliest stages and to apply appropriate treatments to limit their consequences and severity • Interventions: • Medical – screening test/procedures; compliance to minitoring • Legislative – drug testing • Societal • Educational • Individual Efforts

9. Tertiary Prevention • Specific interventions to assist diseased or disabled persons in limiting the effects of their diseases or disabilities; also may include activities to prevent recurrences of a disease • Interventions: • Medical – rehabilitation and programs on quality of life issues • Legislative • Societal • Educational • Individual efforts

10. Health Education • Planned process • Combines a variety of educational experiences • Facilitates voluntary adaptations or establishment of behavior conducive to health (J Thomas Butler, 2001)

11. Health Education Aims : primarily at the voluntary actions people can take on their own part, individually or collectively, for their own health or the health of others and the common good of the community

12. THREE ASPECTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION • COGNITIVE • PSYCHOMOTOR • AFFECTIVE

13. Health Education • Health promotion encompasses health education… and is aimed at the complementary social and political actions that will facilitate the necessary organizational, economic, and other environmental supports for the conversion of individual actions into health enhancements and quality of life gains (Greene and Jreuter, 1999)

14. Health Protection • Comprises legal or fiscal contracts, other regulation policies and voluntary codes of practice, aimed at the enhancement of positive health and the prevention of ill-health Mission: reduce the likelihood that people will encounter environmental hazards or behave in unsafe or unhealthy ways

15. Relevant Philippine Health Legislations • Philippine Medical Act of 1959 • PHILHEALTH • Generics Law: National Drug Policy and Formulary • Code on Sanitation of the Philippines • Clean Air Act • Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Waste Management Policies • Disability Act • Dangerous Drugs Act • Senior Citizens Law • Child Protection Laws and Policies

16. Health Promotion Model Health Education Seven Domains • Prevention • Lifestyle • Preventive Policies • Policy Maker Education • Health Education • Health Protection • Policy Support 5 7 2 4 Protection 1 6 3 Prevention

17. Health promotion Strategies • Educational Interventions • Organizational Interventions • Political/ Legislative interventions • Community and Social Interventions • Economic Interventions

18. Educational Intervention • Stress management classes for employees in a corporation • Mailouts to the public describing positive steps a person can take to reduce exposure to conditions like Bird Flu, HIV, PTB, etc • Educational programs designed to reduce personal vulnerability to injuries • Classes for high school students to develop the skills to cope with peer pressure

19. Organizational Intervention • Annual hearing and vision screening in schools • Identification of designated smoking areas and development of a smoking policy in a worksite • Official recognition by business management of alcoholism as a disease and not a weakness in character • Development of support groups by nonprofit organizations and health care facilities that provide services to people with cancer and other chronic diseases such as hypertension & diabetes mellitus

20. Political /Legislative Interventions • Automobile, bicycle, and firearm safety programs conducted by law enforcement agencies • Passage of laws requiring use of helmets while riding motorcycles and bicycles • A requirement by DECS to implement effective plans to reduce the pollution • Legislation requiring environmental polluters to measure their pollution and implement effective plans to reduce the pollution

21. Political/ Legislative Interventions • Regulation requiring agencies and companies to monitor air pollution and governmental actions to reduce it • Regulations aimed at reducing youth access to tobacco products • A requirement that sports venues provide a smoke and alcohol free section • Fluoridation of the water supply

22. Community and Social Intervention • Organization and training of college students to reduce vulnerability to sex or drug crimes • Formation of neighborhood walking clubs • Health fairs at shopping malls • Creation of wellness centers in worksites, hospitals, and colleges

23. Community and Social Intervention • Employing health educators to encourage positive health behaviors through programs that appeal to the community • Establishment of a school health council made up of members of the school community to encourage health lifestyle in children and a healthy environment in the school

24. Economic Interventions • Tax incentives to landlords of low-income housing to encourage maintenance of property and reduction of pest infestation • Incentives from insurance companies to those who practice healthy lifestyle • Incentives from employees to employeeswho stay healthy and do not miss work