Sept. 12 Obj.: Understanding how Ancient Greece evolved and the birth of democracy

1. Sept. 12Obj.: Understanding how Ancient Greece evolved and the birth of democracy • Warm-up: Define  • Agree/Disagree • Notes on Ancient Greece and democracy • Activity comparing Spartan life to life in Athens • epic poem • polis • phalanx • democracy • oligarchy

2. Agree/Disagree Mountains and seas led to very different Greek city-states Sparta was where democracy was born Women had equal rights to men The Greeks believed the natural world was only understandable by the Gods

3. Ancient Greece

5. Impact of Geography • Access to sea: close to other civilizations. Thrived in trade • Isolation: Communities separated by mountains, sea. Created independent, different city-states

6. City State of AthensBirth of Democracy • Started by Pericles in Athens • All males had right to vote (Direct Democracy) • Met in assembly to vote • Inspired future Enlightenment thinkers

7. Concept of Citizenship • Citizens (free males) owe loyalty to state • Had certain legal rights, right to courts and equality under law

8. Role of Women • Often excluded from public events and government service • Relegated to separate area of household

9. City-State of Sparta Oligarchy • Rule by a few • Led by powerful landholding families and military dictators

10. Concept of Citizenship • Embraced warfare • Males groomed from early age to be loyal, unquestioning warriors • No individualism • Women given more responsibility

11. Other City-States Often ruled by aristocrats or a monarch

12. Scientific Inquiry Idea natural world understandable to humans, not just gods Reason, logic vs. religion, mysticism

13. Scientific leaders and impact Euclid: Geometric proofs – used for 2,000 years in math Pythagoras: Developed Pythagorean Theorem, used to measure size of triangles

14. Archimedes: engineer, mathematician. Invented Archimedes screw – devise moves water up from mines

15. Eratosthenes: • Calculated Earth’s circumference • Proved Earth is round • Helped lead to European exploration in 1400s

16. Agree/Disagree Mountains and seas led to very different Greek city-states Sparta was where democracy was born Women had equal rights to men The Greeks believed the natural world was only understandable by the Gods

17. Sept. 16Objective: Understanding contributions from Greece and how Alexander spread them to other parts of the world • Warm-up: Define  • Quiz on Ancient Greece • Agree/Disagree • Notes on contributions of Ancient Greece • DBQ on Greece • philosophy • Hellenistic Era • Stoicism • Age of Pericles • direct democracy

18. Agree/Disagree Alexander the Great was educated by Socrates Alexander viewed Greeks as superior to non-Greeks Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were Greek play writes The spread of Greek ideas was known as the Hellenistic Era

19. Development of Greece Had success against Persian But isolated and historical rivalries Allowed Alexander the Great to conquer Greece in 330 BCE

20. Alexander the Great • Grew up in Mycenae, the first Greek state • Educated by philosopher Aristotle • Viewed non-Greeks equal to Greeks

21. Alexander’s Vision Wanted world where mixed cultures lived together Married two Persian princesses Encouraged generals do same

22. Alexander’s Conquests Conquered Persia, Egypt and India Spread Greek (Hellenistic Culture) across conquered countries

23. Alexander the conqueror (cont.) • About to turn west • Died in 323 BCE from a combination of wounds, fever and alcohol.

24. Cultural and Philosophical Contributions • Columns and temples • Built Parthenon in Athens • Balance and order emphasized in art • Influenced Western architecture in future

25. Drama, Art and Literature Homer: Epic poems Odyssey and Iliad Mythology Greek tragedies and comedies (Sophocles and Euripides). Fascinated with human emotion

26. Western Philosophy Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Stress importance of questions prior knowledge Plato: Can’t achieve good life unless live in just and rational state Ideas form basis of Western civilizations

27. Study of History Herodotus: created first written history when wrote History of the Persian Wars Thucydides: wrote first attempt at ‘objective’ history

28. Olympics Regular competition held between city-states War suspended during competition Carried on today

29. Hellenism Linked to Alexander’s conquests Spread Greek culture, styles and ideas across areas conquered (cultural diffusion) Known as Hellenistic Era

30. Diffusion of Greek ideas Later incorporated into Roman Empire

32. The impact of mountains • Greek Gods lived on Mount Olympus. • Mountains isolated the Greeks from one another. • Communities developed in very different ways and became fiercely independent.

33. Led to rivalries between communities and warfare between them that ended up devastating Greek community. City states developed along different lines due to geographic isolation that prevented a unified Greek state.

34. By 750 A.D., the polis became the central focus of Greek life. The first Greek state was Mycenae.

35. Government of Ancient Greece • Athens moved towards a limited (male citizen) direct democracy. • Sparta and other Greek city-states developed mostly aristocratic oligarchies (rule by powerful families).

36. Ancient Greece is where the concept of citizens owed loyalty and service to the state instead of to a monarch.

37. Citizens have certain legal rights and responsibilities. This idea is fundamental to modern democratic systems, which rely on their citizens to vote and serve in government.

38. Birth of Democracy After Cleisthenes, Athens created world’s first and only democracy. Athens served as an inspiration to Enlightenment thinkers who founded the first modern democracies.

39. Hellenistic Empire Alexander the Great’s conquest of Greece Egypt, and the entire Persian Empire spread Greek culture, styles, and ideas across the Middle East to the border of India.

40. At Thermopylae, it was 7,000 Greek soldiers that held off 180,000 Persians for two days.

41. Xavier, Lily Chassidy, Lindsay Reggie, Brandon L. Diana, Charles Brooke, Zaquora Dwanisha, Mark Emilio, Dejan Alexa, Brandi Duy, Shayne Miranda, Brandon D. Shayne, Duy Donovan, Katie Kathy, Dreshon Desiree, Jonathan Tommy, Aidan Joshua, Alanna Whitney, Torrey Blake, Alexis, Tamron Activity Pairs

42. Birth of philosophy • Ancient Greece was start of the Western Philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and others).

43. All stressed importance of questioning accepted prior knowledge, seeking an objective truth through reason and logic, and an emphasis on importance of individual in society.

44. Start of recording history of the world • Herodotus wrote History of the Persian Wars, considered the first written Western history. Thucydides, considered best historian of his time, wrote first attempt at an “objective” history.

45. Scientific inquiry Idea that natural world is understandable and classifiable to humans and not just gods. Ideas of reason, logic, and rationality as basis for knowledge rather than just religion and mysticism.

46. Astronomy Eratosthenes determined that the circumference of the earth to be 24,675 miles, which is pretty close to actual distance.

47. Olympics Regular athletic competition held between the various city-states; war was supposed to be suspended and rivalries were channeled into sport rather than war.

48. Alexander the Great: Rise to Power In 359 BCE, Philip II became king of Macedonia. Admired Greek culture and wanted to unite Macedonia with Greece Philip and Macedonian army crushed army of Greek city-states at Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE.

49. Alexander’s rise to power (cont.) Philip wanted Greek city-states to help him conquer Persia, but was assassinated before he could try

50. Philip had groomed his son Alexander to follow in his footsteps, teaching military leadership. Alexander was 21 when his father died and he took over