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Understanding IPv6 Addressing & Subnetting Part 1

Understanding IPv6 Addressing & Subnetting Part 1. Agenda. IPv6 Address Notation Rule 1: Leading 0’s Rule 2: Double colon :: Network Prefixes. IPv6 Address Notation. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in:. One Hex digit = 4 bits.

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Understanding IPv6 Addressing & Subnetting Part 1

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  1. Understanding IPv6Addressing & SubnettingPart 1

  2. Agenda • IPv6 Address Notation • Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Rule 2: Double colon :: • Network Prefixes

  3. IPv6 Address Notation • IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: One Hex digit = 4 bits 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64

  4. IPv6 Address Notation • IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: • Eight 16-bit segments or “hextets” (not a formal term) One Hex digit = 4 bits 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  5. IPv6 Address Notation • IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: • Eight 16-bit segments or “hextets” (not a formal term) • Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF One Hex digit = 4 bits 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  6. IPv6 Address Notation • IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: • Eight 16-bit segments or “hextets” (not a formal term) • Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF • Separated by colons One Hex digit = 4 bits 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  7. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  8. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  9. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … • 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses or … 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  10. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … • 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses or … • “IPv6 could provide each and every square micrometer of the earth’s surface with 5,000 unique addresses. Micrometer = 0.001 mm or 0.000039 inches” or…. 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  11. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … • 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses or … • “IPv6 could provide each and every square micrometer of the earth’s surface with 5,000 unique addresses. Micrometer = 0.001 mm or 0.000039 inches” or…. • “A string of soccer balls would wrap around our universe 200 billion times!” 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  12. Identify correct IPv6 addresses 2001.1111.2222.3333.4444.5555.6666.7777 No, hextets are separated by a colon 2001:AAAA:BBBB:CCCC:DDDD:EEEE:FFFF:GGGG No, G is not a hexadecimal number 2001:FACE:ACE0:CAFE:1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666 No, number of bits is more than 128 bits 2001:1111:2222:3333:44444:55555:6666:7777 No, hextet can only contain maximum of 4 hexadecimal digits

  13. Rules for Writing IPv6 Addresses • Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses • Leading 0’s • Double Colon ::

  14. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  15. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 404 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  16. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 404 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 3ffe : 0 : 10d : a : dd : c000 : e000 : 1 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  17. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 404 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 3ffe : 0 : 10d : a : dd : c000 : e000 : 1 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500 ff02 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 500

  18. Rule 1 : Leading 0's - Optimize these IPv6 Addresses 2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 Answer - 2001:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 2001:1000:1001:1010:1100:0001:0101:0011 Answer - 2001:1000:1001:1010:1100:1:101:11 0010:1010:1020:0001:1000:0A0A:00FF:FF00 Answer - 10:1010:1020:1:1000:A0A:FF:FF00

  19. Rule 1 : Leading 0's- Expand the IPv6 addresses 2001:0:10:100:1000:AA:FF:101 Answer - 2001:0000:0010:0100:1000:00AA:00FF:0101 0:1:10:100:1000:CC:CC0:CCC Answer - 0000:0001:0010:0100:1000:00CC:0CC0:0CCC FF:0:0:0:0:0:0:A Answer - 00FF:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:000A FE8:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 Answer - 0FE8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

  20. Rule 2: Double colon :: • The second rule can reduce this address even further • Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  21. Rule 2: Double colon :: • Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon. ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500 ff02 : : 500 Second Rule First Rule

  22. Rule 2: Double colon :: • Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500 ff02 : : 500 ff02::500 Second Rule First Rule

  23. Rule 2: Double colon :: • Only a single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be represented with a double colon 2001 : 0d02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0014 : 0000 : 0000 : 0095

  24. Rule 2: Double colon :: • Only a single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be represented with a double colon • Both of these are correct… 2001 : 0d02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0014 : 0000 : 0000 : 0095 2001 : d02 :: 14 : 0 : 0 : 95 or 2001 : d02 : 0 : 0 : 14 :: 95

  25. Rule 2: Double colon :: • Using the double colon more than once in an IPv6 address can create ambiguity because of the ambiguity in the number of 0’s 2001:d02::14::95

  26. Rule 2: Double colon :: • Using the double colon more than once in an IPv6 address can create ambiguity because of the ambiguity in the number of 0’s 2001:d02::14::95 2001:0d02:0000:0000:0014:0000:0000:0095 2001:0d02:0000:0000:0000:0014:0000:0095 2001:0d02:0000:0014:0000:0000:0000:0095

  27. Rule 2: Double Colon :: Optimize these IPv6 addresses 2001:1111:0000:0000:1111:2222:1111:A1A1 Answer - 2001:1111::1111:2222:1111:A1A1 3001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:1111 Answer - 3001::1111 3001:0000:0000:0000:1111:0000:0000:1111 Answer - 3001::1111:0:0:1111 FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001:FF00:0001 Answer - FF02::1:FF00:1

  28. Rule 2 Double Colon :: Expand these IPv6 addresses 2001:0101::A:B Answer - 2001:0101:0000:0000:0000:0000:000A:000B FF02::1:FF12:1 Answer - FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001:FF12:0001 FE80::1 Answer - FE80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 ::1 Answer - 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 :: Answer - 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000

  29. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount 255.255.255.0 or /24

  30. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount 255.255.255.0 or /24 • IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length)

  31. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount 255.255.255.0 or /24 • IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length) • Prefix length notation: 3ffe:1944:100:a::/64

  32. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount. 255.255.255.0 or /24 • IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length). • Prefix length notation: 3ffe:1944:100:a::/64 16 32 48 64 bits

  33. Identify the Network Bits and Host or Interface Bits 2001:DB8:CAFE:1111::1/64 Answer - network bits = 64, host bits = 64 Network Portion = 2001:DB8:CAFE:1111 Host Portion = 0000:0000:0000:0001 2001::1/96 Answer: network bits = 96, host bits = 32 Network Portion = 2001:0:0:0:0:0 Host Portion = 0:1

  34. Identify the Network Bits and Host or Interface Bits 2001:1/80 Answer - network bits = 80, host bits = 48 Network Portion = 2001:0:0:0:0 Host Portion = 0:0:1 2001::1/16 Answer – network bits = 16, host bits = 112 Network Portion = 2001 Host Portion = 0:0:0:0:0:0:1

  35. Identify the Network Bits and Host or Interface Bits 2001::1/8 Answer – network bits = 8, host bits = 120 Network Portion = 20 Host Portion = NN01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 2001:1/4 Answer – network bits = 4, host bits = 124 Network Portion = 2 Host Portion = N001:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

  36. Questions and Answers

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