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A Novel Approach to Lactate Sensing. Christine Zhang, Stephanie Wu, Joseph Sun, Wern Ong, Toby Li. Objectives. Problem Market Potential Background Requirements Design Verification and Validation Current Status Questions . Problem Statement.
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A Novel Approach to Lactate Sensing Christine Zhang, Stephanie Wu, Joseph Sun, Wern Ong, Toby Li
Objectives • Problem • Market Potential • Background • Requirements • Design • Verification and Validation • Current Status • Questions
Problem Statement Fill the market void for a Type II Diabetes prescreening tool Elevated lactate levels are highly correlated with type 2 diabetes onset
Diabetes Chronic illness characterized by high blood sugar Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar Type II diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin levels, most often because the body has become resistant to insulin
Symptoms Death Coronary artery disease Diabetic retinopathy Erection problems Hypertension Infections of the skin, female urinary tract, and urinary tract Peripheral vascular disease resulting in gangrene, amputations Stroke
Diabetes & Lactate Diabetes causes decreased lactate threshold LT is a point during exhaustive, all-out exercise at which lactic acid builds up in the blood stream faster than the body can remove it
Market Potential • Type II Diabetes • 170 million worldwide, 20.8 million US • 300 million by 2025 – WHO prediction • Diabetes is a $15 billion dollar industry
Current Testing Methods • Fasting Blood Glucose Test • Fast overnight • Go into clinic • Take blood glucose measurement • Drink a 75g sugar beverage • Take blood glucose measurement 2 hours later • Common Complaints • Nausea • Pain • Long wait time
Lactate • What is lactate? • Byproduct of anaerobic metabolism - little O2 in environment
Saliva and Blood Lactate Levels • Saliva and blood lactate levels show high correlation
Hydrogel • pH sensitive hydrogels coupled with lactate oxidase • 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) • N,N,dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA) • Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) • Crosslinking agent
Performance Criteria • According to the CDC and WHO, there is a need for a: • Cheap • Uniform • Reliable • Accurate • Easy-to-use …predictor for prediabetics
Design Goals Hygienic Non-invasive Inexpensive Easy to use Accurate Disposable
Lactate Sensor • Directional swelling • Thermometer-like device • Physical Change • Colorimetric Assay • Color change • pH sensitive indicator • Internal Control
Performance Metrics • Lactate sensing • 0.1 mmol resolution – if digital • Range 0.15 – 0.3mmol • 0.2mmol indicator level
Testing & Verification • How much Saliva? • Interaction Time? • Exact specification of Hydrogel Preparation
Solution Overview Hydrogel filled capillary detects lactate levels in saliva Directional Swelling/Colorimetric Assay indicates lactate concentrations Indicate probability of type II diabetes
Current Status • Initial Hydrogel Preparation Testing • Hydrogel Preparation Specifications • Lactate Oxidase Concentration
In the Future… • Testing • Colorimetric Assay coupled to specific lactate levels • Establishment of Testing Standards/Protocols • Testing varying lactate concentrations under different situations • Fabrication • Calibration of Sensor
Website http://www.bme.vanderbilt.edu/srdesign/2010/group11/