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China in the 20 th Century

China in the 20 th Century. Sun Yatsen. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek). Mao Zedong. Deng Xiaoping. 20 th Century Revolutions See RGH #84, p. 348. 1911 – Republican Revolution Sun Yatsen and Guomindang (GMT) (Kuomintang)

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China in the 20 th Century

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  1. China in the 20th Century Sun Yatsen Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping

  2. 20th Century RevolutionsSee RGH #84, p. 348 • 1911 – Republican Revolution • Sun Yatsen and Guomindang (GMT) (Kuomintang) • Three Principles of the People (Nationalism, Democracy, a form of Socialism) • 1927 – Nationalist Revolution - GMT • Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) • Leader of wartime China • 1949 – Communist Revolution - CCP • Mao Zedong • Maoism

  3. MaoismChinese Communism • See RGH # 86, p. 356 • Role of the peasant – See p. 351 • Long March – 1934-35 Ideas can motivate people to do anything • People’s Liberation Army • Guerrilla Warfare • “Can Do Nationalism” “Why should Chinese fight Chinese, they should fight Japanese” http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/inside.china/profiles/mao.tsetung/

  4. Guerrilla Warfare “Political Power Grows Out of the Barrel of a Gun” • The enemy attacks we retreat. • The enemy camps, we harass. • The enemy tires, we attack. • The enemy retreats, we pursue.

  5. Civil War 1930-1949 • Mao vs. Jiang • Why does Mao win and Jiang lose? • See RGH # 87, p. 357 “The Kuomintang is losing the respect and support of the people. . .the Generalissimo shows a similar loss of flexibility. . .his growing megalomania. . .and the desire of the Kuomintang to perpetuate their own power overrides any other consideration.”

  6. People’s Republic of China (PRC) October 1, 1949 “The East is Red, the Sun is Rising” The Four Olds should be smashed – old thinking, old culture, old customs, old habits

  7. rapid industrialization (follow Soviet model) literacy and social reforms Sino-Soviet split -1959 Taiwan and the Nationalists continuous revolution using ideas to move the masses: Great Leap Forward 1957-60 Cultural Revolution – Red Guards 1966-72 “Expert and Red” http://www.morningsun.org/index.html Cultural Revolution--great stuff

  8. Mao "...had experienced the morning-after epiphany common to all revolutionaries: in victory, the revolution dies.  Shades of the prison house begin to close upon the post-revolutionary state; after the initial transformative spasm, exhaustion replaces exhilaration, routine replaces voluntarism, responsibility clogs idealism.  Many revolutionary victors are happy to settle for power and stability.  Mao was not.  The revolution was dead; long live the revolution!“ Roderick MacFarquhar, The Origins of the Cultural Revolution, Volume 3: The Coming of the Cataclysm 1961-1966, p. 469

  9. Deng Xiaoping 1978-1997“It doesn’t matter if the cat is black or white, as long as it catches the mouse.” “To get rich is glorious” Market totalitarianism Tiananmen - 1989

  10. China Today “When China accelerates, the world follows.” NYTimes, 10/3/03

  11. Yu Shi Ju Jin (“Look out world, here we come”) Morgan Stanley ad, NYTimes, 2/18/04

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