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CIS 450 – Network Security

CIS 450 – Network Security. Chapter 10 – UNIX Password Crackers. Easiest way to identify weak passwords in a UNIX environment is to utilize UNIX password cracker tools Where are Passwords stored in UNIX? Non-sensitive information in /etc/passwd, which is world readable

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CIS 450 – Network Security

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  1. CIS 450 – Network Security Chapter 10 – UNIX Password Crackers

  2. Easiest way to identify weak passwords in a UNIX environment is to utilize UNIX password cracker tools • Where are Passwords stored in UNIX? • Non-sensitive information in /etc/passwd, which is world readable • The hashed passwords stored in /etc/shadow with only those with root access can read the shadow file

  3. How Does UNIX Encrypt Passwords • Uses an encryption algorithm called Crypt to encrypt its passwords • http://fooassociates.com/phpfer/html/rn58re1161.html • Uses DES, Blowfish,and MD5 algorithms

  4. UNIX Password Cracking Programs • Master List • http://neworder.box.sk/box.php3?gfx=neworder&prj=neworder&key=passhack&txt=Unix%20password%20crackers • Crack • http://www.crypticide.com/users/alecm/security/c50a.txt • John the Ripper • http://www.openwall.com/john/ • XIT • http://neworder.box.sk/codebox.search.php?srch=xit • Slurpie • Similar to John The Ripper and Crack except it is designed to run on multiple computers simultaneously, creating a distributed password cracking attack. • http://www.ussrback.com/distributed.htm

  5. Protecting Against UNIX Password Crackers • Have a strong password policy – pages 377 - 378 • Use shadow files – page 378 • Use one-time passwords – passwords change every time use logs on – page 379 • Use biometric authentication – authenticates a user based on human factors – page 380 • Use UNIX Password Programs to enforce strong passwords • General information – page 380 • http://www.foobargeek.com/docs/epasswd.html • Passwd+ • http://www.securityfocus.com/tools/1065 • Npasswd • http://www.utexas.edu/cc/unix/software/npasswd/doc/ • Epasswd • http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Groups/Security/epasswd/

  6. Protecting Against UNIX Password Crackers • Audit access to key files – normally only way to detect the attack is to catch them when the password or shadow file is being accessed - page 381 • Scan for cracking tools – page 381 • Keep inventory of active accounts – company should have a policy for checking active accounts & removing accounts that are no longer active – page 381 • Limit who has access to root – page 382

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