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Electric Current

Electric Current. Electric current – the flow of electric charge. Solids – electrons Liquids – ions (+ or -) Measured in amperes (A) Potential energy – capacity of doing work Kinetic energy – energy of movement Electric charges flow through a closed loop called a circuit.

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Electric Current

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  1. Electric Current Electric current – the flow of electric charge. Solids – electrons Liquids – ions (+ or -) Measured in amperes (A) Potential energy – capacity of doing work Kinetic energy – energy of movement Electric charges flow through a closed loop called a circuit.

  2. Electric Current • Simple Circuit – source of electrical energy (battery) plus an electric conductor (wire). • Battery ------ wire-----light bulb------battery. • Electric current flows as long as the connection is not broken. • Voltage – measure of how much electrical potential energy each electron can gain. • Volts (V)

  3. Electric Current • As voltage increases, more electrical potential energy is available. • Battery

  4. Positive terminal Negative terminal

  5. Resistance • Resistance – how difficult it is for electrons to flow. • The amount of electrical energy that is heat or light depends on resistance. • Copper – low resistance • Light bulb filament - high resistance, becomes hot enough to emit light.

  6. Ohm’s Law • Ohm’s Law – How does changing voltage in a circuit affect the current? • Voltage = Current (amperes) x Resistance (Ώ) V= IR If the light bulb has a resistance of 220 Ώ and the current is 0.5A, what is the voltage provided by the outlet. V= IR V= 0.5A x 220Ώ V = 110

  7. Series and Parallel Circuits • Series circuit – only one path for the electric current. • Parallel circuit – more than one path for the electric circuit. • Adding or removing devices on a branch does not break the current. • Resistance in each branch can be different.

  8. Electrical Power • Rate at which electrical energy is converted into forms of energy = electrical power. • Electric Power Equation • P (in watts) = Current (Amperes) x Voltage (volts) • P=IV • A light bulb is plugged into a 110V wall outlet. How much electric power does the light bulb use if the current is 0.55A? • P= IV • P = O.55A x 110 V • P = 60.5 Watts

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