Preparing and Delivering Lectures

1. Preparing and Delivering Lectures Nadia Al Wardy

2. Why do we lecture?

3. To: • Provide course cohesion • Brief students about what we expect of them • Help them see the important points • Tell them things

4. Some less positive reasons • It’s what students expect • It’s what I’m timetabled to do • It’s the way it’s done round here • I haven’t time/energy/resources to do it any other way

5. “Lecture: process by which the notes of a teacher becomes the notes of a student without passing through the minds of either” Michael O’Donnell

6. Preparing Lectures • Purposes – objectives (in the form of Qs) • Content – essential principles, little detail • Organisation – classical, problem-centred • Preparation of audio-visual aids – is it fulfilling its purpose?

7. Classical • Outline purpose of lecture • Describe main themes • Outline & explain first key point • Illustrate with examples • Repeat first key point • Outline & explain second key point • Illustrate with examples • Repeat second key point • Summarize • Repeat main themes & conclude

8. Problem-centred • Statement of Problem • Offer solution 1 • Discuss strengths and weaknesses • of solution 1 • Offer solution 2 • Discuss strengths and weaknesses • of solution 2 • Summary & concluding remarks

9. Preparing Lectures • Purposes – objectives (in the form of Qs) • Content – essential principles, little detail • Organisation – classical, problem-centred • Preparation of audio-visual aids – is it fulfilling its purpose?

10. Skills of Lecturing Openings Explaining Summarizing

11. Openings

13. Openings • Gain attention of the group • Establish a relationship with the group • Provide the framework for the talk • Outline of procedure • Introduction to content

14. Explaining The key skill in lecturing

15. Types of Explaining • Descriptive – What? • Interpretive – How? • Reason giving – Why? • When? • Where?

16. To explain effectively.. • Identify and state the problem to be explained • Take account of the existing knowledge of explainees and; • Build an explanation which links to their existing knowledge

17. Essential Features of Explaining • Clarity • Generating interest • Persuasion

18. Improving Clarity 1. Signposts 2. Frames 3. Foci “the necessity of making things plain to uninstructed people was one of the very best means of clearing up the obscure corners of one’s own mind” Huxley 1825-95 4. Links

19. Generating Interest • Show your own interest/commitment to the topic by being expressive • Think of and use examples, analogies, metaphors and models which are apt for the audience and the topic

22. Generating Interest • If the material is unfamiliar, begin with examples • Use a mixture of modes of explaining • Narrative • Anecdotal • Conceptual • Use puzzles, problems and questions

23. Persuasion • Appear credible and trustworthy • Present both sides of the argument • Do not dismiss cherished beliefs • Let group members draw their own conclusions

24. Endings • A summary which draws together the main points and reservations • A conclusion which may be a statement or a quotation and which may link the topics to other topics • The next steps?

25. Three Key Elements • Set • Dialogue • Closure

26. Set - ROLE • Roles • Objectives • Linkages • Environment

27. Dialogue - QUEST • Questions • Understanding • Eyes • Stimulation • Timing

28. Closure - REST • Review • Eyes • Summary • Termination

29. Tell them what you want say Say it Tell them what you said

30. AMEE Education Guide No. 22: Refreshing lecturing: a guide for lecturers