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ExDiP2010 9-12 Nov 2010 | KEK, Japan

Instabilities of (very) compact objects Vitor Cardoso (CENTRA/IST & Olemiss). . ExDiP2010 9-12 Nov 2010 | KEK, Japan. Instabilities. Superradiant  Gregory-Laflamme  Spontaneous scalarization. Why study instabilities. Learn if system exists in nature

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ExDiP2010 9-12 Nov 2010 | KEK, Japan

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  1. Instabilities of (very) compact objects Vitor Cardoso (CENTRA/IST & Olemiss)  ExDiP2010 9-12 Nov 2010 | KEK, Japan

  2. Instabilities Superradiant  Gregory-Laflamme  Spontaneous scalarization

  3. Why study instabilities Learn if system exists in nature Signals of bifurcation: to what? Practical applications (gw emission, useful constraints on NS mass, etc)

  4. (Hill and Eaves, ‘08)

  5. 4D BHs have no hair and are stable BHs in GR are characterized by only three quantities: mass, spin and electric charge

  6. Superradiant instabilitiesZel’dovich ’71; Press and Teukolsky ’72; Damour et al ’76;

  7. Ergo-region: asymptotic time-translation Kiling vector is space-like * Penrose process * Superradiance

  8. Insert a mirror around the BH Superradiant scattering Waves incident upon a Kerr BH are amplified by superradiant scattering if Make a bomb!

  9. (Cardoso et al, ‘04)

  10. (Witek et al, ‘10) Clearly, need improvements…

  11. Anti-de Sitter Massive fields Small Kerr-AdS BHs are unstable (Cardoso and Dias, ‘04; Kodama ’07; Uchikata, Yoshida & Futamase, ’09) Massive fields around Kerr are unstable (Damour et al ‘76; Detweiler, ’80; Cardoso & Yoshida ’05; Dolan ‘07; Ishibashi)

  12. (Cardoso & Yoshida ’05; Dolan ‘07) Final state: gravitational atoms? (Arvanitaki & Dubovsky, ’10; Ishibashi, this afternoon)

  13. What about horizonless geometries? Theorem (Friedman, 1978): Every stationary, AF, horizonless spacetime with an ergoregion is unstable Intuition: negative-energy states are amplified, no horizon to absorb them (Vilenkin, ‘78)

  14. BH straw-men: NO definitive observational proof of the existence of EHs • Gravastars(Mazur & Mottola ‘01) • Boson Stars (Kaup ’68; Ruffini & Bonazzola ‘69) • Wormholes(Morris & Thorne ‘88) • Superspinars(Gimon & Horava ‘09) But how strong is the instability?

  15. The BH straw-man modelCardoso et al ’07; Barausse et al ’10 Kerr metric (Teukolsky ’74)‏

  16. Analytics NO incoming waves Perfect reflection Perfect absorption Matching condition

  17. Results extend to compact gravastars, boson stars, etc

  18. No definitive observational proof for astrophysical BHs, ie., event horizons. Straw-men for BHs, such as gravastars, boson stars, wormholes and superspinars cannot be excluded at priori. However, these objects develop ergoregions when rapidly rotating, and become unstable, with timescales of order 1 sec - 1 week. Thus, the ergoregion instability is a strong argument in favor of BHs: it eliminates most straw-men

  19. Super-radiant instabilities in d Kodama & Ishibashi ‘03 Cardoso & Yoshida ‘05 No stable bound orbits in these geometries passing through the ergosphere! Cardoso et al, ‘09

  20. Black rings do have stable bound geodesics! Igata, Ishihara,Takamori ’10 ...are they unstable?

  21. Long-wavelength instabilities Rayleigh 1878;Plateau 1873; Dyson 1893, Jeans 1902; Chandrasekhar & Fermi 1953; Gregory & Laflamme 1993; Lehner & Pretorius 2010

  22. Black string: Perturb the BS (s-wave)

  23. Instabilities of black objects ...and the Rayleigh-Plateau instability (Plateau 1849, Rayleigh 1878) Cardoso & O. J. C. Dias, ’06; K-I Maeda & Miyamoto, ‘08

  24. Instabilities of black objects ...Rayleigh-Plateau instability end-state Wagner et al, ‘09

  25. ...Gregory-Laflamme instability end-state Lehner & Pretorius, ‘10

  26. Fluid analogies capture behavior extremely well… Generic CC violation?

  27. Ultra-spinning instabilitiesEmparan & Myers, ’03 Lengthscale of Sd-4 Lengthscale in to (θ,ϕ) rotation plane fixed with Metric of black membrane

  28. Ultra-spinning instabilitiesDias et al, ‘09

  29. Higher dimensions See Yoshino’s talk for further details on this diagram

  30. Spontaneous scalarizationDamour & Farese 1992; Lima et al, ’10; Pani et al, in progress

  31. Awaking the vacuumLima et al, ’10

  32. Awaking the vacuumLima et al, ’10 What is the end-state? Collapse to BH? Mass shedding to escape forbidden region?

  33. Pani et al, to appear

  34. Weak-field gravitational tests highly constrain theory of gravity •  • It turns out, they also constrain BH solutions…so high-redshift is not the answer •  • However, compact stars could be na interesting testing ground

  35. Instabilities of compact objects is a fascinating topic in GR •  • The event horizon is a stabilizing surface against ergoregion instabilities •  • Higher dimensional objects are terribly difficult, but also terribly exciting to study, with new insights and important details emerging

  36. どうも有り難うThank you

  37. Extensions

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