Lesson 4

1. Lesson 4 Factors influencing development

2. Objectives • Everyone will discuss the social and lifestyle factors which influence growth and development. • Most of you will evaluate the factors which have influenced your own growth and development. • Some of you will analyse the impact that social and lifestyle factors have on PIES growth and development.

3. Extended Learning • Please submit your question papers for marking. • I will aim to hand these back with feedback after break today.

4. Social Factors revisited… • Read the handout provided; • Answer the following • Identify and describe 2 ways in which someone's family may influence their PIES development (10) • Explain the process of working out a persons social class position (6) • How can peer groups influence social and emotional development. (6) • Explain how a persons cultural background and beliefs impacts PIES development (8)

5. Lifestyle Factors • Lifestyle is the habits, consumption and activities that we have. On the whole we have control over this element of our life. Factors Include; • Smoking • Diet • Drinking • Drugs • Stress • Exercise • Personal Hygiene

6. Nutrition • You are what you eat….. • How many times have you heard this? • The food you eat is a fundamental part of your development. Not only is food a physiological need, it is part of our social daily routine. What we eat is dependent on personal choice, culture and on our place in the family and health needs. • For example a baby will have a different intake need to a teenager.

7. What we eat We all require adequate nutrition to remain healthy. In recent times much of the UK population has become accustomed to eating food high in fat, salt and sugar and as such obesity levels are at an all time high as are cases of diabetes and heart disease. There is also thought to be a link between poor diet and some types of cancer. Advertising, lack of time and money are some of the factors we blame for this crisis.

8. So much more than getting fat • In 1998 Sir Donald Acheson led an independent inquiry in to the link between poor diet and life chances. It was called the “inquiry into inequalities in health”. • The findings were shocking. • Can you predict what was concluded? • Why do you think this?

9. The Results • People in lower socio economic groups on average ate 30% less fresh fruit and vegetables when compared to middle and high earners. • Heart disease occurrences were much higher in lower socio economic groups as were lung and bowel cancers. • Links were made to the diet in pregnancy having an impact on the chances of the child developing heart disease in later life. • Children whose mothers smoked before or during pregnancy were on average of a lesser physique (smaller than average) than non smoking mothers. • Children from households where the main income was achieved via benefits, were on average 3 times more likely to have nutrient deficiencies.

10. Exercise • Not only does exercise (through strenuous activity and sport) raise the heart rate and have physical advantages; there is also evidence that it can impact on other areas of development too. • There are many reasons why people do not take regular exercise, can you identify 3?

11. Common reasons for lack of exercise • The car is safer than walking or cycling. • Passive leisure activity (TV, Video games and social networking) on the rise. • Jobs in the workplace becoming less active and strenuous (men replaced by machines). • House hold chores now much easier. • Children not allowed to play unsupervised away from home.

12. PIES and Exercise • P = Improves strength and stamina as well as reducing blood pressure and helps maintain a healthy weight. • I = Stimulates thinking and planning skills. • E = Increases self esteem and confidence in ability as well as an effective way to release tension and frustration in a socially acceptable way. • S = Develops skills for team work and cooperation. Provides opportunities for social interactions.

13. Stress Levels More and More of us feel under pressure from our everyday lives. • Anxiety and stress can cause psychological tension which can reduce ability to enjoy life in full. • Stress can be associated with work, education or life events and personal circumstances. • Stress will influence our relationships, self esteem and the choices we make. • Children under stress are much less likely to do well in education. • Physical symptoms of chronic stress include depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, eczema and stomach ulcers.

14. Alcohol and Drugs • Alcohol consumption is a widespread problem in the UK. • For many it is associated with celebration and leisure. • But for some this becomes too frequent and misuse occurs, this can be in binges or everyday. • The links of overconsumption of alcohol are similar to those we have discussed when considering a poor diet, with the added risk of mouth and throat cancer and liver damage and disease.

15. Drugs • Drug misuse is not as prevalent as alcohol abuse in the UK but one in three men and one in four women under the age of 30 admit to experimenting with illegal drugs during their lifetime. The most commonly used drug is cannabis. • Some begin to use drugs simply because they are curious, some due to peer pressure and others feel they need an escape or method to cope with the world. Others see it as a leisure activity. • Ultimately continues drug use will almost inevitable lead to Physical or emotional health problems and many addicts or “mis users” require professional help to break their habit.

16. Smoking Cigarette smoking is the greatest single cause of illness and premature death in the UK. About 100,000 people in the UK die each year due to smoking. Smoking related deaths are mainly due to cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart disease.

17. Some UK Facts About half of all smokers die from smoking-related diseases. If you are a long-term smoker, on average, your life expectancy is about 10 years less than a non-smoker. Put another way, in the UK about 8 in 10 non-smokers live past the age of 70, but only about half of long-term smokers live past 70. The younger you are when you start smoking, the more likely you are to smoke for longer and to die early from smoking.

18. Dying for a Fag? Many smoking-related deaths are not quick deaths. For example, if you develop COPD you can expect several years of illness and distressing symptoms before you die.Smoking increases the risk of developing a number of other diseases (listed below). Many of these may not be fatal, but they can cause years of unpleasant symptoms.

19. Some Good News Stopping smoking can make a big difference to your health. It is never too late to stop smoking to greatly benefit your health. For example, if you stop smoking in middle age, before having cancer or some other serious disease, you avoid most of the increased risk of death due to smoking. Many people have given up smoking. In 1972 just under half of adults in the UK were smokers. By 1990 this had fallen to just under a third. At present, about a sixth of UK adults are smokers.

20. Task Create a leaflet outlining the key facts about the affects of smoking for one of the two scenarios. You must only give facts from reliable sources. Give advice on support available. A pregnant woman who would like to continue smoking during pregnancy or A 16 year old who isn’t sure whether they should stop smoking.