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Beverage Patterns, Diet Quality, and Body Mass Index of US Preschool and School-aged Children

Beverage Patterns, Diet Quality, and Body Mass Index of US Preschool and School-aged Children. Introduction

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Beverage Patterns, Diet Quality, and Body Mass Index of US Preschool and School-aged Children

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  1. Beverage Patterns, Diet Quality, and Body Mass Index of US Preschool and School-aged Children Introduction • The increase in childhood obesity together with current trends in beverage consumption has led to questions of whether specific beverages are impacting diet quality and obesity among children. • The purpose of this study was to evaluate diet quality and body mass index (BMI) by beverage patterns in preschool and school-aged children. • Beverage patterns were identified, using cluster analysis, in preschool (aged 2-5 years) and school-aged children (aged 6-11 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-02 sample. • Diet quality was assessed using the USDA’s Healthy Eating Index (HEI), total energy, and specific micronutrient intakes. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION LaRowe, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 107(7). July 2007.

  2. Healthy Eating Index scores and daily nutrient intakes by beverage patterns among children aged 2-5 y in NHANES 2001-02a, b a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. b Values in the same row with different superscript numbers are significantly different, P <0.05 (Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons). c Mean ± SE. d For total energy intake, mean ± SE, adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity; for nutrient intakes, mean ± SE, adjusted for total energy intake, age, gender, and ethnicity. LaRowe, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 107(7). July 2007.

  3. Healthy Eating Index scores and daily nutrient intakes by beverage patterns among children aged 6-11 y in NHANES 2001-02a, b a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. b Values in the same row with different superscript numbers are significantly different, P <0.05 (Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons). c Mean ± SE. d For total energy intake, mean ± SE, adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity; for nutrient intakes, mean ± SE, adjusted for total energy intake, age, gender, and ethnicity. LaRowe, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 107(7). July 2007.

  4. Adjusted mean (± SE) body mass index (BMI kg/m2) by beverage pattern among children aged 2-5 years Figure 1. Adjusted mean (± SE) body mass index (BMI kg/m2) by beverage pattern among children aged 2-5 years. Overall significance of pattern, after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, household income, Healthy Eating Index, physical activity, and birth weight: P = 0.30. LaRowe, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 107(7). July 2007.

  5. Adjusted mean (± SE) body mass index (BMI kg/m2) by beverage pattern among children aged 6-11 years Cluster 1: Cluster 2: Cluster 3: Cluster 4: Cluster 5: Mix/light High-fat milk Water Sweetened Soda drinker drinks Figure 2. Adjusted mean (± SE) body mass index (BMI kg/m2) by beverage pattern among children aged 6-11 years. Overall significance of pattern, after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, household income, Healthy Eating Index, physical activity, and birth weight: P < 0.0001. Bars with different letters are significantly different, P < 0.05 by comparison using the Tukey-Kramer option to correct for multiple comparisons in general linear models. LaRowe, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 107(7). July 2007.

  6. Beverage Patterns, Diet Quality, and Body Mass Index of US Preschool and School-aged Children Summary of Results • In the four beverage patterns identified in preschool aged children, mean HEI scores differed significantly between the high-fat milk group and the fruit juice group; however, both these beverage patterns had the highest micronutrient intakes. • Mean HEI scores differed significantly across five beverage patterns in school-aged children and the high-fat milk group had the highest diet quality, as measured by HEI scores and micronutrient intakes. • Adjusted mean BMI differed significantly across beverage clusters only in school-aged children. • Regardless of beverage patterns, diet quality needs improvement and all children in this sample could benefit by consuming fewer calorically sweetened beverages and increasing micronutrient-dense foods. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION LaRowe, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 107(7). July 2007.

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