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Rock Identification Student Copy

Rock Identification Student Copy. Generalized photos and explanations. Vanden Samples. Vanden specimens – photos and identification Igneous rocks Intrusive igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks. Making a Chart for Rock sample Activities.

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Rock Identification Student Copy

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  1. Rock IdentificationStudent Copy

  2. Generalized photos and explanations

  3. Vanden Samples Vanden specimens – photos and identification Igneous rocks Intrusive igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

  4. Making a Chartfor Rock sample Activities

  5. Intrusive Igneous Rocks “Light colored intrusive igneous rock” Granite Pegmatite; extremely course grained granite

  6. Intrusive Igneous Rocks “dark colored intrusive igneous rock” Gabbro Periodotite

  7. Extrusive Igneous Rocks “Light colored extrusive igreous rock” Pumice ; may be dark or light colored

  8. Extrusive Igneous Rocks “Dark colored extrusive igreous rock” Basalt Obsidian: may be light or dark, various colors

  9. “Clastic Sedimentary Rock” shale sandstone breccia conglomerate

  10. “Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock” Fossiliferous limestone

  11. “Biochemical Sedimentary Rock” Bituminous coal

  12. “Metamorphic Rock” (foliated) slate Low grade schist; small crystals Schist; visible mica crystals

  13. “Metamorphic Rock” (foliated) gneiss

  14. Any rock containing the mineral garnet is a metamorphic rock. Garnet mineral: Garnet gneiss:

  15. “Metamorphic Rock” Non-foliated quartzite quartzite; very high temperature, partially melted

  16. “Metamorphic Rock” Non-foliated Marble; dark colored due to impurities

  17. “Metamorphic Rock” (non-foliated) Anthracite coal

  18. Information and Photos for the Three Rock Specimens

  19. Igneous RocksDense, usually crystalline Crystals are randomly oriented and of roughly uniform size Crystals may be visible or too small to see.

  20. Large crystal size of intrusive igneous rocks. Light colored- Granite

  21. Dark colored- (Gabbro) – just use “dark colored intrusive igneous rock”

  22. Dark green colored–with various amounts of darker minerals; always contains green mineral (olivine); makes up the upper mantle. (Periodotite)- just use “coarse grained intrusive igneous rock”

  23. Very small crystal size of extrusive igneous rocks; some crystals may be visible Light colored & dense - (Rhyolite) – just use “light colored extrusive igneous rock”

  24. Light colored and very porous, low density- Pumice

  25. Dark colored, dense or very porous - Basalt

  26. Glassy – usually black, but may be colored, or black with white patches; dense; irregular fracture surfaces Obsidian Snowflake obsidian

  27. Sedimentary RocksAggregates of existing particles, or made of chemical precipitates, or composed of organic material. Not as dense as igneous or metamorphic rocks. May be crystalline if chemically precipitated. May contain undistorted fossils.

  28. Clastic – made up of pre-existing particles. Often layered (bedded) but not necessarily at hand specimen scale.Shale(made up of mud and silt size particles, often splits into sheets)

  29. Sandstone(made up of sand size particles – fine to coarse)

  30. Conglomerate(made up of rounded gravel) Breccia – use same as conglomerate (made up of broken, angular gravel)

  31. Chemical– made up of chemical precipitates such as: NaCl (halite) CaSO4 (gypsum) or CaCO3(Limestone) Limestone is same composition as marble – it reacts with dilute acid. Often contains fossils. Precipitate: a solid formed when water evaporated &/or a chemical reaction causes a solid to form from a chemical reaction between 2 solutions.

  32. Limestone(some are compact, non-fossiliferous;dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid)

  33. Biochemical(Organic) – made up of organically derived materials like: Fossiliferous Limestone Chalk (a form of limestone made of microscopic calcitic, CaCO3, fossils)Chert (made of microscopic siliceous, SiO2, fossils) Coal

  34. Fossiliferous Limestone

  35. Chalk – very soft, reacts with dilute acid:

  36. Chert - very hard, scratches glass, doesn’t react with dilute acid

  37. Bituminous coal– very soft, dull black color, uniform composition:

  38. Metamorphic RocksCrystallineDenseOften layered in appearance (metamorphic layering is called foliation and forms perpendicular to direction of tectonic pressure)

  39. Slate - Flat layers. Too dense for sedimentary. Breaks along cleavage planes. Foliated metamorphic rocks

  40. Schist – often with shiny crystals of mica.

  41. Gneiss - Folded/flat layers. Crystalline. Too dense for sedimentary.

  42. May be non-foliated if made from a rock of uniform composition Quartzite - Dense, smeared crystals of hard silica. Often made from a sandstone. Will not dissolve in dilute acid.

  43. Marble - Dense smeared crystals of calcium carbonate (calcite). Usually made from limestone. Will dissolve in dilute acid (boiling chips are usually marble).

  44. Anthracite coal - Shiny, non-dense, breaks along irregular surfaces. Too light for obsidian, too dense and shiny for bituminous coal, which it is made from.

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