SWINE FARM MANAGEMENT AND FERTILIZER FROM BIOGAS

1. SWINE FARM MANAGEMENT AND FERTILIZER FROM BIOGAS BUAKHAW FARM NAKHONRATCHASIMA, THAILAND

2. SWINE Farm MANAGEMENT

3. INTRODUCTION Thailand is a agricultural country. The agriculture of  Thailand may be traced through historical, scientific, and social aspects which produced modern Thailand's unique approach to agriculture. There are many agricultural products; rice, crops, and livestock. Thailand leads in producing and exporting rice, rubber, canned pineapple, and black tiger prawns. Thailand also seeks to expand its exports in livestocks.

4. FARM STANDARD • Producing a pedigree and crossbred piglets and pigs • Providing EVAP system pig housing (Evaporative cooling housing system)

5. PIG BREED • The Large White Large Whites are distinguished by their picturesque bearing, erect ears, slightly dished faces, white color, pink skins, and long deep sides. They have been valued for their bacon production since the inception of the breed. As their name suggests, they are characterized by large size. The Large White is regarded as a rugged and hardy breed that can withstand variations in climate and other environmental factors. Their ability to cross with and improve other breeds has truly made them a factor nearly everywhere commercial swine are produced. They have been known for decades as a favorite market animal where high quality bacon and pork are sought.

6. PIG BREED • The Landrace The American Landrace is a white hog of long body length, having sixteen or seventeen pairs of ribs. The arch of back is much less pronounced than on most other breeds of swine. For some hogs the back is almost flat. The head is long and rather narrow and the jowl is clean. The ears are large and heavy and are carried close to the face. There is an admirable meatiness about them on foot and particularly on the rail. The rumps are long and comparatively level and the hams are plump but trim. The sides are long, of uniform depth, and well let down in the flank. The sows are prolific and satisfactory mothers. The sow have always been noted for their milk producing abilities.

7. PIG BREED • The Duroc Durocs have considerable variation in color. An acceptable color may range from a very light golden, almost yellow color, to a very dark red that approaches mahogany. The red is a very practical color that suits pork producers, and since it is a solid color there is not concern about fancy points of proper markings. Durocs have a medium length and slight dish of the face. The ears should be drooping and should not be held erect.

8. PIG BREED • The Pak Chong5 The Pak Chong5 is a breed that developed by Nakhonratchasima Livestock Research and Breeding Center. They are crossed breed between the Duroc and the Pietrain. The characteristic of the breed is similar to the Duroc. The boar mostly use to breed for gilts.

9. PIG HOUSING The system our farm uses to raise pigs is EVAP system. EVAP system is an Evaporative cooling housing system. The system is effective in controlling pigs productive and disease. In sows, EVAP system can improve their ability of fertility and reproductive performance. In gilt, their growth rate has increased and they also have less skin disease from bugs and mosquitoes.

11. FERTALIZER FROM BIOGAS

12. INTRODUCTION In a biogas plant pig dung and other organic waste are converted to slurry. This conversion in a biogas plant has several benefits for the household: the slurry does not smell and does not attract flies. During the conversion process a lot of micro organism, that represents a health risk, are killed. The process in the biogas plant provides two kind of slurry; sedimentous slurry and liquid slurry. The liquid slurry can with easily be brought to places that need organic fertilizers, either can the sedimentous slurry. The most important benefit is that the slurry is a very effective fertilizer that can improve the growth of the crops.

13. NITROGEN… Nitrogen is one of the major nutrients required for plant growth.  Before plant can use the nitrogen in organic fertilizer, the nitrogen need to be extracted from large organic molecules and transformed into smaller inorganic water soluble compounds before plants can use it. This transformation process is called mineralization. The nitrogen is hereby made available for the plants, and the short term fertilizer value is doubled.    

14. BENEFIT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM BIOGAS The slurry from a biogas plant can be used to fertilize crops; the slurry can raise the crop growth considerable. The surplus slurry can be used to fertilize other crops on the fields as well; such as rice, tapioca, and rubber tree. As the slurry contains a relative great amount of liquid, the slurry will in dry period also supply the plants with some water for the plant growth. The slurry brought out will form a cover on the soil and hereby reduce the evaporation from the soil. The mineralized nitrogen in the slurry is very fugitive. It is therefore important, that the slurry is covered to prevent the mineralized nitrogen to escape into the air, or to make sure that the slurry is brought to the plants as soon as possible, in this way the mineralized nitrogen is made useful when it still is fully present.