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Fiber ID Guide

Fiber ID Guide. Fall 2011. Plain weave pattern Manufactured Odorless when you burn it Resistant to heat & fire Neutral Fiberglass is usually used as the outer layer of casts. Fiberglass. Daria Capaldi. Spandex by Julia Walsh. Synthetic Fiber Stretchy material

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Fiber ID Guide

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  1. Fiber ID Guide Fall 2011

  2. Plain weave pattern • Manufactured • Odorless when you burn it • Resistant to heat & fire • Neutral • Fiberglass is usually used as the outer layer of casts Fiberglass DariaCapaldi

  3. Spandex by Julia Walsh • Synthetic Fiber • Stretchy material • No real weave pattern, more of just fibers melted together • Almost like rubber • When burned it melts • Has a chemical odor • Acid or Base – N/A • Other chemical reactions – N/A • Interesting use • Zentai suit, full body spandex suit • No real purpose

  4. Manufactured Fiber RAYON It is usually fond in apparel and home furniture. Low wet strength, it might shrink when wet.

  5. Acetate (man made) • Very fine and thin strands • Plain weave pattern • When burnt it actually melts and smells like vinegar and burning wood • Decomposition: weak acid • Will completely dissolve in acetone - Might oxidize and ignite with the air in bleach - It does not react with sodium hydroxide • It will be disintegrated entirely by both hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid • Besides cloth acetate fibers are used in cigarette butts Tim and Brian

  6. Felt Blended laminated Nonwoven cloth Man-made fiber: Produced by matting, condensing, and pressing woolen fibers ACID When burning: smells like burnt hair Reaction nearing flame: instantly ignites Behavior in flame: Burns for some time **Felt is used everywhere from the automotive industry, to musical instruments and home construction**

  7. Silk Jennifer Carr • Tight weave fabric, straight fiber • Burnt-smells like burnt hair • Begins to melt as soon as it nears flame • Catch on fire when placed in flame • Goes out as soon as it leaves flame • “Base” fiber • Chemical testing • Bleach-turn yellow • Acetone-do nothing • NaOH-turn brown • HCL-brighter color • H2SO4-brighter color • Used to make parachutes in WWII

  8. Bamboo Jennifer Carr • Fibers can be woven into any number of materials and fabrics • Smells like burned grass/wood • Takes a long time to light and burns steadily and consistently • “Base” or “Acid” depending on what type of soil it grows in • Chemical tests • Bleach-bleach out the color and destroy the fiber • Acetone-no effect • NaOH-separate the fibers • HCL-slight bubbling • H2SO4-hardens fibers • Bamboo can be made into sheets similar to silk, satin, and Egyptian cotton without many of the undesired qualities

  9. Burlap • Plain Weave • Resembles a checkered board • The warp and weft are interchangeable • Burlap is a form of Jute • Tendency to fray at the edges • Manufactured • Artificial • Continuous • When burning smells like wood burning • Acid • In the firer it burns very slowly and it keeps burning till there is nothing left except for ash • Burlap is used for potato sacks that are used in potato sack races Sarah Strauss

  10. Acrylic • Airplane windows are made out of acrylic • Synthetic • Neutral • When near a flam it fuses and shrinks • In the flame it flares puckers and melts • Leaving the flame it continues to burn and melt • It smells like burnt plastic

  11. Olefin • Synthetic fiber • Twill weave • Low flammability • In flame it melts • Smells like burning plastic • It is a neutral • Used in rugs, rope, and vehicle interior

  12. Cotton • Has a plain weaveand straight fibers • Smells like a scented candle when burned • In fire it completely burns • It is an acid • It comes from a plant • The cotton hulls are used for fertilizer, fuel, and packing.

  13. Jute • Natural fiber • Vegetable fiber • Weave: plain weave • Frayed when cut • Smoke smells like burning wood • Burns slowly • Acid • Chemical tests • Acetone-breaking apart a lot • Bleach- change to a yellowish color • NaOH- no reaction • HCl- no reaction • H2SO4-no reaction **woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum

  14. Polyester • Synthetic Fiber • Weave: Satin weave • Straight when cut • Smells like melted plastic when burning • Burns fast • Acid • Chemical tests • Acetone- no reaction • Bleach- no reaction • NaOH- breaking apart • HCl- no reaction • H2SO4- no reaction **polyester is used for insulating material for houses

  15. HempClaudia Drinnan Plain weave, straight pattern Smells like incense; natural smell Hemp burns when in fire, shrivels up and blackens Acid Natural How it reacts in: Acetone: no change Bleach: lost color NaOH: no change HCl: no change H2SO4 : no change Hemp can be used in detergent, jewelry, body care products, art supplies, food products, paper and biomass fuels

  16. LINEN • Description • Weave • Regular fire smell • Caught on fire quickly and burns quick • Acid • Acetone –unraveling • Bleach- very foggy • NaOH, HCl, and H2SO4- no reaction • Interesting fact • Used in loafers

  17. Kevlar Description Very tight weave pattern Smells like burning paper when burnt Takes awhile to catch on fire Base Acetone- partially dissolves the substances Bleach- Slowly decomposes NaOH- Deteriorates the fibers individually HCL- No reaction H2SO4- No reaction Interesting Use Used in shelters for protection against tornadoes and high forced winds.

  18. Canvas Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and other items for which sturdiness is required. It is also popularly used by artists as a painting surface, typically stretched across a wooden frame. It is also used in such fashion objects as handbags and shoes. Modern canvas is usually made of cotton or linen, although historically it was made from hemp. It differs from other heavy cotton fabrics, such as denim, in being plain weave rather than twill weave. Canvas comes in two basic types: plain and duck. The threads in duck canvas are more tightly woven. Canvas burns very slowly and it is not easy to put out. When it is burned it smells like burned paper. Canvas is an acid. Over 3 under 1 weave pattern. Man-made.

  19. Nylon • Weave pattern is clean cut and straight. • Smells like burnt plastic • It burns quickly and disintegrates. • Nylon is a base, both litmus papers turned blue. • Nylon is used in panty hose Nylon Jacket Individual Nylon Fiber

  20. Triacetate • Weave pattern is clean cut and straight. • Smells vinegar, burning wood. • It burns easily, flickers then melts. • The litmus papers are both red, which means it is an acid. • Used in Dresses, coats and sports apparel. Triacetate Fiber Triacetate Suit

  21. Wool Bryan Fink Tim Rainey • Description: • Man-made • Smell when Burning: Something overcooked in an over (burnt) • How it reacts/burns in fire: Burned at a slow pace and it didn't completely disintegrate leaving black residue at the bottom of the test tube. • Decomposition: Base • Reaction in all test solutions: It had no reaction in every single test solution except for the Bleach which caused the fiber to bubble and fizz. • Interesting Fact: In addition to clothing, wool has been used for blankets, horse rugs, saddle cloths, carpeting, felt, wool insulation, and upholstery Wool Fiber

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