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Triangles of T he N eck

Triangles of T he N eck. Ali Jassim Alhashli UNIT IV – Problem IV - Anatomy. The Neck. Presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline. Boundaries: Superiorly: lower border of the mandible. - Inferiorly : by the upper border of the clavicle. Medially: midline of the neck.

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Triangles of T he N eck

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  1. Triangles of TheNeck Ali JassimAlhashli UNIT IV – Problem IV- Anatomy

  2. TheNeck • Presents a somewhat quadrilateral • outline. • Boundaries: • Superiorly:lower border of themandible. • - Inferiorly: by the upper border of the • clavicle. • Medially:midline of theneck. • Posteriorly: by the anterior border of the trapeziusmuscle.

  3. The anterior and posteriortriangles of theneck

  4. The AnteriorTriangle • Boundaries: • Anterior border of SCMmuscle. • Midline of theneck. • Inferior border of the mandible(lowerjaw). • Apex: jugular notch in the manubrium ofsternum. • Roof: skin – superficial fascia and platysma muscle – investing layer of deep cervicalfascia. • Floor: Pharynx – larynx andthyroidgland.

  5. The AnteriorTriangle • Subdivisions of anterior triangle (four • smallertriangles): • Submentaltriangle(4) • Submandibular(or digastric) triangle(1) • Carotid Triangle(2) • Muscular triangle(3)

  6. The AnteriorTriangle (Green)

  7. The AnteriorTriangle SubmentalTriangle 1. Boundaries: the apex is toward the jaw symphysisand the base of the triangle is formed by the hyoid. From both sides you find the anterior belly of digastric • SubmandibularTriangle • 1. Boundaries: • Inferior border of themandible. • Anterior belly of digastricmuscle. • Posterior belly of digastricmuscle. • Floor: mylohyoid, hyoglossal & middle pharyngeal constrictormuscles. • 2.Contents:submandibulargland (salivary) – submandibular lymphnodes • - fascial artery and vein & submental artery. muscle. The floor mylohyoid muscles fibrousraphe. is formed oftwo which meet ina 2. Contents: submental lymph nodes – anterior jugularvein.

  8. The AnteriorTriangle • CarotidTriangle • 1. Boundaries: • Superiorbellyofthe • muscle. • MuscularTriangle • Boundaries: • Midline of theneck. • Superior belly of theomohyoid. • Anterior border ofSCM. omohyoid • Anterior border of SCMmuscle. • Posterior muscle. • 2. Contents: belly of the digastric carotidsystem(common 2.Contents:infrahyoid (omohyoid, muscles sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid: depressing hyoid bone and larynx) – Thyroid and parathyroidglands. carotid, internal carotid & external carotid) – glossopharyngeal nerve – vagus nerve (X) - internal jugularvein.

  9. The PosteriorTriangle • Boundaries: • Posterior border of SCMmuscle • Anterior muscle. • Middle inferiorly. border of trapezius third of clavicle • Apex: occipitalbone. • Roof: skin – superficial fascia – platysma muscle – investing layer of the deep cervicalfascia. • Floor: splenius captitis –levator scapulae Posterior scalene – middle scalene (from scalene – – Anterior above downwards).

  10. The PosteriorTriangle • Subdivisions of posterior triangle (two smaller triangles separated by the inferior belly of omohyoid muscle): • Supraclaviculartriangle. • Occipitaltriangle.

  11. The PosteriorTriangle • Occipitaltriangle • Boundaries: • Inferior belly of theomohyoid. • Anterior border of trapeziusmuscle. • Posterior border ofSCM. • Contents: spinal accessory nerve (may be damaged while taking lymph node biopsy) – brachial plexus (innervation of upper limbs, might be used for local anesthesia)- occipital lymphnodes. • Supraclaviculartriangle • 1. Boundaries: • Inferior belly of theomohyoid. • Theclavicle. • Posterior border ofSCM. 2.Contents:subclavianartery enteracatheter tothe and right vein(to atrium measuring the pressure or injecting fluid) – external jugular vein (in superficial location so may be vulnerable toinjury).

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