The High Intensity Frontier Franco Cervelli INFN-Pisa 7 Nov, 2005

1. The High Intensity Frontier Franco Cervelli INFN-Pisa 7 Nov, 2005

4. Historically, many fundamental discoveries and measurements have come from accelerators which were not the highest energy machine available at the time: • • weak neutral currents at the CERN PS • J/y at the AGS (Brookhaven) • limits on the lepton-number conservation • most of the parameters of CP violation • etc.

5. HIPS Current (mA) BEAM ENERGY, BEAM CURENT, AND BEAM POWER OF WORLD’S PROTON MACHINES JHF JHF

6. PHYTHIA: E = 30 GeV, I = 80 mA BEAM FLUXES: ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE

13. SUSY connection between Dμ, μ→ e (LFV)

14. In the SM: ∝C mt2 λ5 , C=complex, λ=sinθc GIM suppression of light-quark contributions, dominated by high mass scales Why study Rare Kaon Decays In Supersymmetry (similar examples in other BSMs): ∝ f(Δmq2,λa ), a≥1 ∼ ∼ ∼ ∼ ∼ Sensitive to whether GIM suppression operates in the scalar quark sector: tests of scalar quark mixings and mass differences ∼ χ

15. K+→ π+ ν ν K0L → π0 ν ν K0L → π0e+e− K0L → π0 μ+ μ− A measurement of the 4 decay modes is a crucial element in the exploration of the new physics discovered at the LHC.Accuracies at the level of 10% would already provide precious quantitative information

16. HIFforQCD Physics

17. Mesons/Baryons Molecules/Multiquarks Hybrids Glueballs + Effects due to the complicated QCD vacuum Objects of Interest Quark AntiQuark

18. How many isotopes are produced per second?

19. Proton Driver Rings

20. Design Goals • 4-5 MW beam power on target • Very short pulse duration (~1 ns rms) • Very low beam loss (~10-4) • Note: most proton drivers under study are based on synchrotrons (US, JKJ, UK)

21. European Scenarios • SPL + accumulator and compressor rings • 5 GeV, 50 Hz synchrotron-based system • 15 GeV, 25 Hz synchrotron-based system • 30 GeV, 8 Hz slow cycling synchrotron • 8 GeV, 16.67 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron for ISIS/Fermilab, plus upgrades

22. Synchrotron-based Proton Drivers • Low energy linac (~150 MeV) • Booster synchrotrons to accumulate proton beam and perform some acceleration • Main synchrotrons to complete acceleration and compress the bunches.

23. Proton Driver Figure of Merit • For a given power (4MW), target peak proton power density ~ 1/(Kinetic energy T x frequency f). F=Tf is a useful figure of merit.

24. Targetry Many difficulties: enormous power densitylifetime problemspion capture Replace target between bunches: Liquid mercury jet or rotating solid target Stationary target: Proposed rotating tantalum target ring Densham Sievers

25. HIF: Regional Activities

27. 180 MeV H- Linac Collimation Momentum Ramping Injection 2 bunches of 2.5 1013 protons Two 1.2 GeV, 50 Hz Rapid Cycling Synchrotrons 4 bunches of 2.5 1013 protons Two 5 GeV, 25 Hz Rapid Cycling Synchrotrons RAL 5 GeV Proton Driver

30. Key Technical Features • Cooled beams • Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets International FAIR Project: Characteristics Primary Beams • 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+ • Factor 100-1000 over present • intensity • 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons • 1010/s 238U92+ up to 35 GeV/u • up to 90 GeV protons SIS 100/300 SIS UNILAC FRS ESR Secondary Beams • Broad range of radioactive • beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u • Antiprotons 0 - 30 GeV HESR Super FRS Storage and Cooler Rings CR NESR FLAIR RESR • Radioactive beams • e-– A (or Antiproton-A) collider • 1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons • Polarized antiprotons(?)

34. HIF: International Facilities

37. What at CERN?

40. HIF: in Italy

43. A Super-B Factory

44. Conclusions