Introduction to Henry IV, Part 1

1. Introduction to Henry IV, Part 1

2. Introduction • Henry IV, Part 1 is the second part of a tetralogy • Known as the “Henriad” • Richard II, Henry IV, Part 1, Henry IV Part 2 & Henry V • Richard II – Henry (Bolingbroke) has had a hand in the murder of King Richard II, and vows to go to Jerusalem to cleanse himself of this sin • Introduction to Henry IV, Part 1 from the playmakers

3. Henry IV, pt 1Genealogy Edward III Duke of Clarence Edward , the Black Prince Duke of Lancaster Mortimer named heir by Richard daughter Henry IV Mortimer’s sis Lady Percy HAL Richard II Hotspur

4. Henry IV, pt 1Rebellion in Act 1, sc 1

5. Henry IV, pt 1Rebellion in Act 5

6. Henry IV, pt 1Structure • Act I -- first turning point • Hotspur, North, Wor desert Henry and join rebels • Act II - IV -- two sides gather allies • midpoint • Hal joins Henry • ends in 2nd turning point • Hotspur lists grievances against Henry • Act V -- climax • Douglas vs. Henry, Hal vs. Hotspur

7. Henry IV, pt 1 Main plot/subplot structure Henry IV 1.1 1.3 3.2 Henry COURT Hotspur 5.1 5.3 5.5 Hotspur 1.1 1.3 2.3 3.1 4.1 4.3 5.2 5.4 BATTLEFIELD Falstaff 4.2 5.1 5.3 5.4 Falstaff 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 3.3 4.2 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 TAVERN Hal Hal 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 3.2

8. Henry IV, pt 1Foils • Hal / Hotspur as characters • Henry / Falstaff -- father figures • Falstaff (staff/foot) vs. Hotspur (spur/horse) • compare particularly views on Honor • represent different kinds of exaggeration • Hotspur lives in world of abstractions • Falstaff in concrete world • Hotspur attacks Glendower; Hal just humorously exposes Falstaff’s exaggerations. Hotspur is intolerant; Hal is tolerant. • Action foiling -- fewer men w/Hotspur, more w/Henry • 2 views of the battlefield (4.1 & 4.2)

9. Henry IV, pt 1 Three Worlds CourtTavernBattlefield Henry IV Falstaff Hotspur past present future HAL

10. Food for thought • We should trust our leaders to do what is right for the country’s greater good. • It is always better to abide by social codes of behavior (e.g. honor and chivalry) than to reject them. • Every society occasionally requires war and revolt in order to grow and become stronger. • Children should always respect and obey their parents. • A good leader is bold and fearless, always ready to use whatever military means are at his disposal in order to accomplish his objectives. • A good leader is sober and thoughtful, willing to compromise his own views in order to respect the views of others so that peace can be maintained. • Gender makes a difference when it comes to effective leadership.

11. Your group will be assigned one of the “food for thought statements” • For the statement assigned to you, complete the following • Example • Statement: We should trust our leaders to do what is right for the country’s greater good… because … except that … for example … • Be prepared to share your statement

12. The humors • The four humors? • “Sanguine”: an excess of blood; makes one cheerful, optimistic. • “Melancholy” – an excess of black bile; makes one gloomy, pessimistic. • “Choleric” or bilious: an excess of yellow bile in the gall bladder; makes one angry and short tempered. • “Phlegmatic”: an excess of phlegm; makes one slow and lethargic. • Derives originally from Hippocrates, the Greek physician and medical writer.

13. Air – associated with sanguine personality. Earth – associated with melancholy personality. Fire – associated with choleric personality. Water – associated with phlegmatic personality.

14. Hotspur Angered by the “certain lord, neat and trimly dressed” Anger over king’s demand for Scots prisoners Anger over Mortimer Worcester and Hotspur: I, 3, 253ff. Falstaff “What a devil hast thou to do with the time of day?” Relentless inactivity Humours in Henry IV, Part 1