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DNA & RNA

DNA & RNA. SBI 3U. Two types of Nucleic Acids. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid (double strand) 4 Bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine RNA - Ribonucleic acid (single strand) 4 Bases

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DNA & RNA

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  1. DNA & RNA SBI 3U

  2. Two types of Nucleic Acids • DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid (double strand) 4 Bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine • RNA - Ribonucleic acid (single strand) 4 Bases Adenine, Uracil (replaces Thymine) Cytosine, Guanine

  3. How DNA works • The double helix unzips and reveals a section of genetic code. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfZ8o9D1tus&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z685FFqmrpo&feature=related

  4. Types of RNA • mRNA – messenger RNA Enters the nucleus through the nuclear pores and “reads” the unzipped portion of the DNA strand.

  5. tRNA – transfer RNA “reads” the mRNA strand in groups of 3 CODONS. Collects correct Amino Acid from the cell cytoplasm and adds this to the developing strand of amino acids.

  6. DNA strand unzips. T A C T T C A AAAA C C G A C C G A T A

  7. mRNA strand mRNA leaves nucleus returns to Endoplasmic Reticulum . Links to Ribosomes.

  8. tRNA collects amino acids and links them onto the developing protein

  9. Where is DNA found? • Nucleus of Eukarotic cells • DNA strand in Prokaryotic cells

  10. A A G U A U C G G U C mRNA = AAG –UAU- CGC - UC

  11. CODONS • Genetic Words • Start = AUG (Met) Like the capital letter of a sentence. • Stop = UGA, UAA, UAG – like the period at the end of a sentence.

  12. Mutations • Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat. • The sun was hot but the old man did not get his hat. FRAME SHIFT. • T hesunw ash otbuttheoldm and idnotg eth ish at. • Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethisha t.

  13. Genetic Diseases The sickle cell mutation. One amino acid out of a total 287 differs in sickle cell haemoglobin compared with normal haemoglobin. In the latter, the triplet GAG (guanine, adenine, guanine) codes for the amino acid glutamic acid (left-hand diagram).

  14. Genes • A gene is a sentence that tells a cell how to make a protein. Any changes to the instructions can alter the gene’s meaning. There are different ways that these changes can occur.

  15. Point Mutation: Original The fat cat ate the wee rat. Point Mutation The fat hat ate the wee rat. Frame-shift mutation: Original The fat cat ate the wee rat. Frame Shift The fat caatet hew eer at.

  16. Deletion: Original The fat cat ate the wee rat. Deletion The fat ate the wee rat. Insertion: Original The fat cat ate the wee rat. Insertion The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat.

  17. Inversion: Original The fat cat ate the wee rat. Insertion The fat tar eeweht eta tac.

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