From Normal Cells To Cancer Cells, How Quickly Do Tumors Develop?

1. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com From Normal Cells To Cancer Cells, How Quickly Do Tumors Develop? Cancer is a disease caused by mutations in genes. Oncogene mutations may be inherited from our parents, or they may be caused by environmental factors and personal behavior over time, such as smoking, unhealthy diet and lack of exercise. Relatively speaking, oncogene mutations caused by the latter are more common. Mutations in oncogenes may cause cell growth regulators to shut down, causing abnormal differentiation and death of normal cells, and they begin to divide and grow uncontrollably. This type of cell is often called a cancer cell. Cancer cells can cause tumors to form and invade surrounding tissues, or invade blood and lymphatic tissues, and spread to other parts of the body, causing cancer to spread and metastasize. How long does it take to develop from normal cells to cancer cells, then to tumor formation, and cancers? The long "latent" process Usually, different types of cancer take different time. But overall, it will take for quite a long time and it is slower than you expected. Professor Trevor Graham, an expert on cancer evolution in the United Kingdom, believes that most cancers grow slowly. This can be seen from people's cancer screenings. Cancer screening is effective because cancer may have begun to occur, but it has not reached a dangerous level, and that's a long time.

2. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com Take colorectal cancer screening as an example. If screeners are found to have early tumors called adenomas during the screening process, some will develop colorectal cancer, while others will not develop cancer. In breast cancer, a similar trend is also observed. About a quarter of breast tumors found during the screening process will not develop into breast cancer. Professor Graham said: “It seems that tumour growth is started in lots of people, but it never quite makes it to the cancer stage. That really points to growth often being slow.” For most breast and colorectal cancers, scientists have found that tumors have begun to grow about 10 years before they are discovered. For prostate cancer, the history of tumor growth may be as long as decades. Professor Graham believes that even for those cancers that seem to progress rapidly and are aggressive (such as pancreatic cancer), the time for tumor growth is also slow. Pancreatic cancer is called the "king of cancer" because it progresses rapidly and is difficult to treat. However, the pancreatic cancer that people see progresses rapidly only after the symptoms of the disease have been detected and diagnosed. In fact, there may be a long and rather slow development stage before pancreatic cancer appears symptoms and is discovered, but this "silent" stage is not well known. Studies have shown that it takes more than 10 years for normal pancreatic cells to fully turn into cancer cells from the first cancer-causing mutation, and an average of 7 years for the first cancer cell to form a cancerous mass.

3. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com Of course, there are exceptions. Some cancers grow faster than others. For example, people with inflammatory bowel disease not only have a higher risk of colorectal cancer, but also progress more rapidly. What factors are affecting the rate of cancer occurrence? Cell carcinogenesis is affected by many key factors, including the number and type of gene mutations. Cells accumulate errors in their genes, causing one or a group of genes to go wrong and form mutations. However, because the cell has a safety mechanism that can prevent the excessive growth and division of the cell, only when there are multiple mutations will the cell undergo significant changes and become a cancer cell. The gene of the cell is checked and balanced by the repair and protection mechanism against this mutation, so that the cell does not become cancerous, or it takes a very long process to become cancerous. If we can identify the speed of these gene mutations and the types of mutations, it will help determine the rate of tumor occurrence and development. Scientists have discovered that kidney cancer can generally be divided into three categories according to the number and type of genetic mutations that cancer cells have. One type is that there are not too many gene mutations, and the resulting tumors grow slowly, and the possibility of spreading is small. The opposite type is fast-growing and aggressive tumors, which usually have many genetic mutations in the cells. Genetic

4. Huateng Pharma mutations promote their rapid growth and spread in the early stages of occurrence. The other category is somewhere in between. https://en.huatengsci.com In addition, the individual's nutritional status, immunity and so on, will also affect the growth rate of cancer cells. Conclusion Cancer is not always on the verge of an outbreak, it hides in people's bodies and gives people a lot of time to discover it. "If we know how long it takes for cancer to occur, and the possible start time, then we know when to start looking for early signs of cancer in the population. This can help us better design screening procedures," said Professor Graham. However, the realization of this idea still needs more research to explore and discover. At present, through cancer screening, people can detect some cancers early, and they can basically be cured without affecting normal life through surgical removal. We believe that in the future, with the deepening of cancer research, we can detect cancer cells better and earlier, and treat them in time to reduce the possibility of cancer and improve survival. As a professional worldwide pharmaceutical intermediates supplier, Huateng Pharma supplies a wide range of high purity APIs & pharmaceutical intermediates for the research and development of anti-cancer drugs, such as Carfilzomib intermediates, Palbociclib intermediates, Ribociclib intermediates, Enzalutamide intermediates and so on.

5. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com Reference: [1] Science Surgery: ‘How quickly do tumours develop?’. Retrieved Jan 22, 2021 from https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2018/10/18/science-surgery-how-quickly-d o-tumours-develop/ [2] Cancer Update Email -- It's a Hoax! . Retrieved Jan 22,2021 from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/news_events/featured/canc er_update_email_it_is_a_hoax.html#cancer%20cells [3] Science Surgery: ‘What factors lead to a cell becoming cancerous?’. Retrieved Jan 22, 2021, from https://sites.duke.edu/missiontomars/the-mission/cancer/why-do-most-cancers-take- so-long-to-develop/