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BI Settlement Issues I. IRC Studies (1977+, latest 2002 CY) AIB Studies (1986+, latest 1996 AY) Medicals Dominate Injury Types General Damages. BI Settlement Issues II. Investigation Suspicion of Fraud and Build-up Settlement Negotiation Low Impact Collision Passengers Bad Faith
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BI Settlement Issues I • IRC Studies (1977+, latest 2002 CY) • AIB Studies (1986+, latest 1996 AY) • Medicals Dominate • Injury Types • General Damages
BI Settlement Issues II • Investigation • Suspicion of Fraud and Build-up • Settlement Negotiation • Low Impact Collision • Passengers • Bad Faith • Evolution Over Time
General Damages • Special Damages are Claimant Economic Losses • Medical Bills • Wage Loss • Other Economic • General Damages are Residual of Negotiated Settlement Less Specials • “Three Times Specials” is a Myth
Negotiated Settlements • Specials may be Discounted or Ignored • Medicals: Real or Built-up? • Information from Investigation • Independent Medical Exams (IMEs) • Special Investigation • Suspicion of Fraud or Build-up
Settlement Modeling • Major Claim Characteristics • Tobit Regression for Censored Data (right censored for policy limits) • Evaluation Model for Objective “Facts” • Negotiation Model for all Other “Facts”, including suspicion of fraud or build-up
Evaluation Variables Prior Tobit Model (1993AY) • Claimed Medicals (+) • Claimed Wages (+) • Fault (+) • Attorney (+18%) • Fracture (+82%) • Serious Visible Injury at Scene (+36%) • Disability Weeks (+10% @ 3 weeks) New Model Additions (1996AY) • Non-Emergency CT/MRI (+31%) • Low Impact Collision (-14%) • Three Claimants in Vehicle (-12%) • Same BI + PIP Co. (-10%) [Passengers -22%]
Negotiation Variables New Model Additions (1996AY) • Atty (1st) Demand Ratio to Specials (+8% @ 6 X Specials) • BI IME No Show (-30%) • BI IME Positive Outcome (-15%) • BI IME Not Requested (-14%) • BI Ten Point Suspicion Score (-12% @ 5.0 Average) • [1993 Build-up Variable (-10%)] • Unknown Disability (+53%) • [93A (Bad Faith) Letter Not Significant] • [In Suit Not Significant] • [SIU Referral (-6%) but Not Significant] • [EUO Not Significant] Note: PIP IME No Show also significantly reduces BI + PIP by discouraging BI claim altogether (-3%).
Actual parameters for negotiation and evaluation models, with and without suspicion variable, are shown in the hard copy handout
References • Derrig, R.A. and H.I. Weisberg [2003], Auto Bodily Injury Claim Settlement in Massachusetts, Final Results of the Claim Screen Experiment, Massachusetts DOI 2003-15. • Derrig, R.A. and H.I. Weisberg, [2003], Determinants of Total Compensation for Auto Bodily Injury Liability Under No-Fault: Investigation, Negotiation and the Suspicion of Fraud, Working paper, Automobile Insurers Bureau of MA. • Derrig, R.A., H.I. Weisberg and Xiu Chen, [1994], Behavioral Factors and Lotteries Under No-Fault with a Monetary Threshold: A Study of Massachusetts Automobile Claims, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 61:2, 245-275. • Ross, Lawrence H. [1980], Settled out of Court, (Chicago, III: Aldine). • Insurance Research Council [1999], Injuries in Auto Accidents, An Analysis of Auto Insurance Claims. Malvern, PA • Insurance Research Council [ 2003], Auto Injury Insurance Claims. Countrywide Patterns in Treatment, Cost, and Compensation, Malvern PA • Abrahamse, A. and Stephen J. Carroll [1999], The Frequency of Excess Claims for Automobile Personal Injuries, Automobile Insurance: Road Safety, New Drivers, Risks, Insurance Fraud and Regulation, Claire Laberge-Nadeau, and Georges Dionne, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 131-151.