Chapter 1 Information Systems: The Big Picture

1. Chapter 1Information Systems:The Big Picture Information Systems Today Leonard Jessup and Joseph Valacich

2. Companion Web site: http://www.prenhall.com/jessup • 1. Information Systems: The Big Picture. 2. Information Systems for Competitive Advantage. 3. Database Management. 4. Telecommunications and the Internet. 5. Electronic Commerce, Intranets and Extranets. 6. Organizational Information Systems. 7. Enterprise-Wide Information Systems. 8. Information Systems Development and Acquisition. 9. Information Systems Ethics, Computer Crime and Security. Appendix A: Information Systems Hardware. Appendix B: Information Systems Software. Appendix C: Networking.

3. Chapter 1: "Information Systems: The Big Picture"— • This chapter helps you understand what information systems are and how they have become a vital part of modern organizations. We walk the student through the technology, people, and organizational components of an information system, and we lay out types of jobs and career opportunities in information systems and in related fields. We use a number of cases and examples, such as that of Ticketmaster, to show the student the types of systems being used and to point out common "best practices" in systems use and management.

4. Chapter 2: "Information Systems for Competitive Advantage"— • In this chapter we talk about Microsoft's use of information systems to support the Xbox product, along with other business examples, to show how to use information systems to support organizational strategy and enable competitive advantage. We also show the student how to formulate and present the business case for a system, and we explain why and how companies are continually looking for new ways to use technology for competitive advantage.

5. Chapter 3: "Database Management“— • Databases have become the engine running underneath all information systems and business processes. In this chapter, we use the examples of the Hard Rock Cafe and other businesses to describe what databases and database management systems are and to show why they have become very important for successful, modern organizations.

6. Chapter 4: "Telecommunications and the Internet"— • Just as databases are the underlying engines, telecommunications and networks are the veins through which vital information flows in organizations. Here we use examples from Pepsi and other companies to show you how people use telecommunications and networking equipment effectively. We also focus on how the Internet and the World Wide Web function and are used heavily by business organizations today.

7. Chapter 5: "Electronic Commerce, Intranets, and Extranets"— • Perhaps nothing has changed the landscape of business more than the use of the Internet for electronic commerce. In this chapter, we describe how a number of firms, such as Amazon, are using the Internet and Web to do business with customers, building intranets to support internal processes, and building extranets to interact with other firms.

8. Chapter 6: "Organizational Information Systems"— • Given how many different types of information systems organizations use, in this chapter we use examples from J.Crew and other firms to describe the various types of systems. We provide ways to categorize the systems so that you can better make sense of them all.

9. Chapter 7: "Enterprise-Wide Information Systems"— • In this chapter we focus on enterprise systems, which are a popular type of information system used to integrate information and span organizations' boundaries to better connect a firm with customers, suppliers, and other partners. We show you how John I. Haas, a global producer of fine hops for beer making, and other firms use Enterprise Resource Planning, Customer Relationship Management, and other popular types of software packages to compete.

10. Chapter 8: "Information Systems Development and Acquisition"— • How are all these systems built? In this chapter we show you how Tower Records and other firms build and acquire new information systems. We walk you through the traditional systems development approach, as well as more contemporary approaches such as prototyping, rapid application development, and object-oriented analysis and design.

11. Chapter 9: "Information Systems Ethics, Computer Crime, and Security"— • In this chapter we describe the ethical dilemmas associated with information systems, as well as common forms of computer crime and various methods for providing computer security. We show you how Microsoft and other firms deal with hackers and ensure the safety and integrity of their critical systems.

12. In addition to these nine chapters, we include three appendixes focusing on • basic hardware, • software, • and networking concepts.

13. Living online—TicketMaster • TicketMaster uses a mix of online services, cutting-edge technology, and traditional distribution. • 零售售票中心 • 電話客服中心 • Citysearch Web sites包含全球128個城市指南、提供線上交易

14. Living online—TicketMaster • TicketMaster能夠提供這些服務的一個主要原因是它不斷的尋找將尖端資訊技術和系統與企業互相整合的方法。 • 目前正在整合無線技術，開發掌上型電腦的應用，讓使用者能夠方便購票。 • 是利用資訊系的一個很好的典範

15. WalMart 、Walt Disney 均是利用各式的電腦資訊系統來完成商業交易 • 利用leading-edge information systems to provide high-quality goods and services and gain or sustain competitive advantage over rivals. • This chapter is to help you understand what information systems are and how they have evolved to become a vital part of modern organizations.

17. Chapter 1 Objectives • Understand the term information systems (IS) • Understand IS components: • Technology, people, organizations • Understand IS career opportunities • Understand types of information systems • Understand IS and organizational success or failure • Understand the future of IS management

18. Case: IS at Washington State University

19. Case: IS at Washington State University • Automating educational processes • Online Administration • Registration • Financial aid • Grades • Online Course Management • Syllabi • Assignments • Online class discussions

20. Information Systems Defined Combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data in organizations

21. Key Elements of Information Systems

22. Several terms are used to describe the field of information systems: • Management information systems • Data processing management • Systems management • Business computer systems • Computer information systems • systems • People most commonly use the term information systems • Acronym IS

23. The Information Technology Revolution • Computers are the core component of Information systems. • 看看電腦在學校、工作上、日常生活上等方面帶來的影響 • 過去電腦產業在全球經濟上僅伴演小角色，而今日具有龐大的力量 • 商業新聞雜誌記載了資訊系統的變革

26. Knowledge as a Business Resource • Knowledge Worker • A well-educated professional who creates, modifies, or synthesizes knowledge in one’s profession • Knowledge Society • Also called digital society, new economy • Working with brains instead of hands • The importance of education • Digital divide • Where those with access to information technology have great advantages over those without access to information technology.

27. Data • Data: raw material, unformatted information • Information: processed data (meaningful) • Knowledge: understanding relationships between pieces of information • Wisdom: knowledge accumulated and applied

28. Technology and Information Systems • Computer-Based Information Systems • One type of technology • Technology – any mechanical and/or electrical means to supplement, extend, or replace human activity • Information Technology (IT) – machine technology controlled by or using information • The goal of IS is to provide useful data to users • IS can be local or global, organizational or enterprise-wide

31. Careers: Operations Management • Trends • Virtual Corporations虛擬企業營運 • 虛擬企業中的成員可從遠端共同工作，以電子方式合夥工作，幾乎不需要實際工作場所 • Network Infrastructure • 網路架構是IT相關的主要問題 • Identify and prioritize data streams

32. The People Side of IS • The information systems field includes a vast collection of people who develop, maintain, manage, and study information systems. • expected to continue to improve • SA is one of the best jobs in the world today. • Despite economic ups and downs… • Labor shortages predicted • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics • http://stats.bls.gov/emp/emptab3.htm • Ranked among best jobs available

33. Careers in IS • Systems Analyst • Systems Programmer • Systems Consultant • Database Administrator • Webmaster • IS Director • Chief Information Officer • Professor • Government scientist

35. Chief Information Officer (CIO) • Responsible for organization’s IS • Executive level • Became prominent in 1980s • Challenges • Tightening budgets • Expectation management • Subordinates • Mid-level managers • IS directors • Project managers

36. CIO IS director Account Executive Info Center Manager Development Manager Project Manager Maintenance Manager Systems Manager IS planning Manager Operations Manager Programming Manager Systems Programming Manager Manager of Emerging Technologies Telecommunications Manager Network Manager Database Administrator Auditing or Computer Security Manager Quality Assurance Manager Webmaster IS Managerial Personnel

37. The High Value of IS Personnel • Supply and demand • Aggressive recruiting • High salaries • Broad demand • Large and small companies • Urban and rural

38. Good IS personnel that makes them so valuable, integrated knowledge and skills in three areas-technical, business, and systems

39. Integrating Skills and Knowledge • Technology • hardware, software, networking • 技術方面能力是很難維持的，因為個別技術的流行是很短暫的 • table 1.4 • Business • business, management, social, communications • These business skills propel IS professionals into project management and ultimately, high-paying middle- and upper-level management positions • Systems • Integration, development methods, critical thinking, problem solving

40. Hot Skills in IS Workers • Office / E-mail • Languages • Applications • RDBS Administration • Development Tools • Internetworking • Operating Systems • NOS LAN Administration • Networking

41. The Organizational Side of IS • People use information systems to help their organization • to be more productive and profitable, • to help their firm gain competitive advantage, • to help their firm reach more customers, • or to improve service to the customers their organization serves.

42. Types of information systems used in organizations • Transaction Processing System • Management Information System • Executive Information System • Decision Support System • Expert System • Functional Area Information System • Office Automation System (a.k.a. Personal Productivity Software) • Collaboration System • Customer Relationship Management System • Electronic Commerce System • Enterprise Resource Planning System

43. 現今的資訊系統很難歸類到某一個類別(categories) ，趨向於横跨多個類別 • internetworking and systems integration • Customer Relationship Management Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning systems

44. Disaster Plans for IS

45. Disaster Plans for IS • That IS is crucial to corporate success is illustrated by the need for disaster planning • September 11 • Are companies prepared now? • What’s at stake • The consequences of failing to plan

46. The Dual Nature of IS • Systems can dictate success or failure • Case 1: Denver International Airport • Case 2: Federal Express • Factors affecting success/failure: • Size and complexity of project • Size and nature of organization

47. IS for Competitive Advantage • Strategic Systems • Competition: doing things faster, better, cheaper • These organizations developed these systems strategically to help gain or sustain some competitive advantage over their rivals. • technology should be strategic and can be a powerful enabler of competitive advantage • Every organization can find a way to use information technology to beat its rivals.

49. International Outsourcing • Round-the-clock productivity • Cost savings

50. IS Within the Firm • Traditionally a love/hate relationship • “Techies” vs. mere “users” (us vs. them) • Poor service, lousy attitudes • Now: progress toward better customer service • Better relationships within the company • Cooperation, not rivalry