Sensation: your window to the world Perception: interpreting what comes in your window.

1. Sensation and Perception Sensation: your window to the world Perception: interpreting what comes in your window.

2. Just the basics… • Bottom-up processing • Top-down processing • Thresholds • JND • Signal detection • Subliminal

3. Sensory experience Absolute Threshold Signal detection theory Subliminal stimulation

4. Your clothes are touching your skin.

5. Sensory Adaptation • Decreased responsiveness to stimuli due to constant stimulation.

6. Vision • Our most dominating sense.

9. Transduction Order is Rods/Cones to Bipolar to Ganglion to Optic Nerve. Sends info to thalamus- area called lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Then sent to cerebral cortexes. Where the optic nerves cross is called the optic chiasm.

10. In the Brain • Goes to the Visual Cortex located in the Occipital Lobe of the Cerebral Cortex. • Feature Detectors. • Parallel Processing We have specific cells that see the lines, motion, curves and other features of this turkey. These cells are called feature detectors.

11. Rods vs. Cones

12. http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/retina.html • http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/eye2.htm

13. Color Vision Two Major Theories

14. Trichromatic Theory Three types of cones: • Red • Blue • Green • These three types of cones can make millions of combinations of colors. • Does not explain afterimages or color blindness well.

15. Opponent-Process theory The sensory receptors come in pairs. Red/Green Yellow/Blue Black/White If one color is stimulated, the other is inhibited.

17. Afterimages

18. Hearing Our auditory sense

19. The Ear

20. How we hear • Baby with cochlear implants • Cochlear implants

21. Touch Mechanoreceptors located in our skin. Pressure, warmth, cold, pain

22. Pain • Sensory vs. affective • Controlling pain • Endorphins • Gate control theory • Placebo control • Distraction • Phantom limb • Social influences

23. Taste • Tongue • Papillae • Taste buds • Taste cells • Receptor sites • Sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. • Flavor = taste + olfaction

24. Vestibular Sense • Tells us where our body is oriented in space. • Our sense of balance. • Located in our semicircular canals in our ears.

25. Kinesthetic Sense Tells us where our body parts are. Receptors located in our muscles and joints.

26. Olfactory • Chemistry • Individual signature • Learned associations

27. Perception

28. GESTALT • a structure, configuration, or pattern of physical, biological, or psychological phenomena so integrated as to constitute a functional unit with properties not derivable by summation of its parts

32. Law of Good Continuation

34. Law of Common Fate

35. Figure Ground Relationship Our first perceptual decision is what is the image is the figure and what is the background.

36. Constancy • Objects change in our eyes constantly as we or they move….but we are able to maintain content perception • Shape Constancy • Size Constancy • Brightness Constancy

37. Perceived Motion Stroboscopic effect (flip book effect) Phi phenomenon

38. Depth Perception • Monocular cues • Linear Perspective • Interposition • Relative size • Texture gradient • Shadowing • Binocular cues • Retinal disparity • Convergence

39. Depth Perception • Visual cliff experiment • 3D movies – retinal disparity

40. Variations in Perception Inborn organizations + Learned

41. Variations • Adaptation • Perception set (priming/predisposition) • Context • Emotion • Motivation

42. Human Factor Psychologists • AFFORDANCE • “It’s not your fault you turned on the wrong burner…”