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GLAUCOMA

GLAUCOMA. QU BO 曲 勃 The 4 th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. It may be. Glaucoma: the concept. Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness .

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GLAUCOMA

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  1. GLAUCOMA QU BO 曲 勃 The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University

  2. It may be

  3. Glaucoma: the concept • Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve and result in vision loss and blindness. • However, with early treatment, you can often protect your eyes against serious vision loss. • The damages are mostly caused by increased pressure of water-aqueous humor (房水）in the eye

  4. What is Optic Nerve? “Cable “that transmit image signals to brain

  5. Higher IOP is the most important cause leading to the damage pressure What causes optic nerve injury in Glaucoma？ Two causes : Mechanical forces (introcular pressure:IOP) and vascular forces Optic nerve

  6. Glaucoma damage formation 青光眼损伤形成

  7. Anterior chamber:前房 Posterior chamber:后房 pupil:瞳孔 Iris:虹膜 Anterior chamber angle:前房角 Cornea:角膜 ciliary body:睫状体

  8. Glaucoma damage formation 青光眼损伤形成 Lens Normal Drainage Picture 正常房水流出通道 The meshwork 小梁网– is the eye’s drain The Ciliary Body睫状体 – When this drainage of the fluid gets blocked, excess pressure is formed leading to Glaucoma

  9. Who is most likely to get glaucoma? You are more likely to get glaucoma if you: • Have family members with glaucoma • Are over 45 years of age • Have poor vision • Have diabetes（糖尿病） • Take steroid medication（使用激素） • Previous eye injury.

  10. Classification on Mechanism

  11. Aqueous FluidNormal Drainage: good flow 正常房水流出通道 The meshwork 小梁网– is the eye’s drain anterior chamber angle 前房角 The Ciliary Body睫状体 – When this drainage of the fluid gets blocked, excess pressure is formed leading to Glaucoma

  12. Normal drain

  13. Closed-angle Glaucoma 闭角型青光眼 anterior chamber angle 前房角 Blocked Drainage holes The angle is narrower than normal. If water can’t flow easily through the opening in the pupil, the iris pushes forward and blocks the drainage holes.

  14. Closed-angle glaucoma

  15. Closed-angle Glaucoma • The drainage angle of trabecular meshwork becomes blocked by the iris • IOP builds up very fast. • Symptoms include severe eye or brow pain, redness of the eye,decreased or blurred vision. • Must be treated as a medicalemergency—see your ophthalmologist immediately.

  16. Open Angle Glaucoma 开角型青光眼 anterior chamber angle 前房角 Clogged Drainage holes The angle between the iris and the cornea is normal, but the drainage holes get clogged from the inside.

  17. Open Angle Glaucoma

  18. Open Angle Glaucoma • Trabecular meshwork becomes less efficient at draining aqueous humor. • Intraocular pressure (IOP) builds up,which leads to damage of the optic nerve. • Damage to the optic nerve occurs at different eye pressures among different patients. • Typically, glaucoma has no symptoms in its early stages.

  19. Glaucoma: Symptoms 症状 Halo around lights SYMPTOMS Red eye, pain in the eye, 眼痛、睫状充血 Blurred vision 视物模糊 Tunnel vision 管状视野 虹视 Vision loss

  20. Glaucoma: Symptoms Reduced side vision, central vision intact 周边视野局限缺损 Tunnel vision管状视野 Normal vision 正常视野

  21. How can I find out if I have glaucoma? A series of test performed by your eye doctor will help to determine whether you have glaucoma or likely to develop glaucoma.

  22. Glaucoma: Diagnosis 3rd – Ophthalmoscopy眼底镜 1st – History and General Examination 2nd – Tonometry眼压计 4th – Perimetry视野计

  23. How is glaucoma treated?

  24. Treatment Options Pills Eye drops Combination method Laser surgery Eye operations

  25. The purpose of treatment is to prevent further loss of vision. • This is important because loss of vision due to glaucoma is irreversible.

  26. Will I go blind because of glaucoma? If glaucoma is left untreated, damage increases, which may eventually lead to blindness.

  27. Therefore, you should have Regular eye examinations Regular intake of medications as instructed by the eye doctors

  28. How often should I get my eye examined

  29. Does diet, exercise, or changein behaviors help? Exercise may be beneficial as it : • Lowers eye pressure • Improves blood flow to the optic nerve. Avoid smoking or second-hand smoke. Tobacco can worsen the disease.

  30. Remember • Treatment for glaucoma requires a “team” made up of both you and your doctor (ophthalmologist)(患者和医生组成治疗团队） • Glaucoma is a lifetime disease(青光眼为终身性疾病) • Your doctor can prescribe treatment for glaucoma, but only you can make sure to put your eye drops regularly（患者自己保证按时用药） • Do not stop taking or changing your medications without first consulting your doctor (不能私自改变用药） • Frequent eye examinations and tests are critical to monitor your eyes for any changes（定期检查） • Remember, It is your vision, and therefore it’s your responsibility to maintain it

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