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Vocabulary

Learn about mechanical and chemical weathering, sediment, erosion processes, and soil layers formation from bedrock to topsoil. Explore the role of glaciers, oxidation, humus, and mass movements in shaping the Earth's surface.

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Vocabulary

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  1. Vocabulary

  2. Vocabulary Words • Mechanical Weathering • Chemical Weathering • Sediment • Abrasion • Oxidation • Soil • Humus • Topsoil • Subsoil • Bedrock • Horizon • Mass Movement • Erosion • Deposition • Glacier • Deflation

  3. Mechanical Weathering • Is when rocks are broken down and are torn apart by physical force, rather than by chemical breakdown.

  4. Chemical Weathering • Is when Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces.

  5. Sediment • Is the rock or soil that comes from erosion and ends up as little chunks carried by water.

  6. Abrasion • The scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving things

  7. Oxidation • Is when oxygen combines with iron-bearing silicate minerals causing "rusting"

  8. Soil • Soil consists of a mixture of weathered rock, finely ground into powder, minerals, and a variety of living and dead life forms.

  9. Humus • brown or black, partially decomposed plant or animal material that forms the organic portion of soil.

  10. Topsoil • The upper part of the soil.

  11. Subsoil • The layer or bed of earth beneath the topsoil

  12. Bedrock • The solid rock that underlies loose material, such as soil, sand, clay, or gravel.

  13. Horizon • Soil is made up of distinct horizontal layers; these layers are called horizons.

  14. Mass Movement • Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity.

  15. Erosion • The eating away of surface material from the Earth’s crust.

  16. Deposition • Process where material is added to a landform.

  17. Glacier • A sheet of ice that moves slowly over time.

  18. Deflation • The erosion caused by the wind

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