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Programming Microsoft SQL Server

Programming Microsoft SQL Server. David Henson dhenson@certifiednetworks.com www.certifiednetworks.com. Logistics. Hours: 9:00am to 5:00pm Lunch Phones Parking. Course Material. Handouts of SQL scripts “SQL Server 2008 for Developers”, Murach press. Recommended Reading.

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Programming Microsoft SQL Server

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  1. Programming Microsoft SQL Server David Henson dhenson@certifiednetworks.com www.certifiednetworks.com

  2. Logistics • Hours: 9:00am to 5:00pm • Lunch • Phones • Parking

  3. Course Material • Handouts of SQL scripts • “SQL Server 2008 for Developers”, Murach press

  4. Recommended Reading • “Professional SQL Server 2000 Programming”, Wrox Press • One of the best technical resources: “Inside SQL Server 2000”, • Microsoft Press

  5. Course Outline • Chapter 1: Configuration/Tools • Chapter 2: T-SQL Language Elements • Chapter 3: Foundation T-SQL Statements • Chapter 4: Joins • Chapter 5: Subqueries and Summary Queries • Chapter 6: Changing Data • Chapter 7: Scripts, Batches and TSQL Extensions

  6. Course Outline • Chapter 8: Views • Chapter 9: Stored Procedures • Chapter 10: User Defined Functions • Chapter 11: Triggers • Chapter 12: Cursors • Chapter 13: Transactions and Locks • Chapter 14: CLR Integration

  7. Chapter 1: Configuration/Tools

  8. Machine Setup • Windows 2003, Standard Installation • SQL Server 2008, Enterprise Edition • Trial at www.microsoft.com/sql • SQLClass Database • Will be built during class • \\instructor\public

  9. Tools - Overview • SQL Management Studio • Query Editor Window • SQLCMD.exe • Books Online • Misc. Tools: • Visual Studio .Net 2008 Older Tools: • Query Analyzer (isqlw.exe)

  10. Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio

  11. Query Editor Window

  12. SQLCMD • C:\SQLCMD –Sserver -E • Osql /? For help, or see books online

  13. Books Online • Best help possible for syntax • www.google.com best help possible for strangeness

  14. Miscellaneous Tools • Profiler • Server Config Tool • Surface Area Configuration Tool • 2005 • Client Config Tool • Visual Studio 2005/ 2008

  15. Chapter 2: T-SQL Language Elements

  16. Statement Types • DDL – Data Definition Language • CREATE TABLE Orders(….) • DCL • GRANT SELECT ON Orders To Public • DML • SELECT Max(OrderDate) From Orders • INSERT Orders VALUES(….) • DELETE Orders WHERE OrderID = 10 • UPDATE Orders SET OrderAmount = 0 WHERE OrderID = 10

  17. T-SQL Elements • Comments • Identifiers • Variables • Datatypes • System Functions • Operators • Expressions • Control-of-flow

  18. Comments • Block Comment /*Multi-line comments here*/ • Double Dash SELECT * FROM Orders -- This is a comment • Edit/Advanced/Comment Out

  19. Identifiers • Objects are identified internally by number • Object Interaction is by name • Standard Identifiers • Orders • Customers • Delimited Identifiers • [Spaces are evil] • [1Person]

  20. Variables • Must Be Declared • Must Start with @ symbol DECLARE @SaleDate datetime SELECT @SaleDate = getdate() PRINT @SaleDate

  21. Datatypes • Numbers Bigint - +/- 2 to the 63rd power 8 bytes Int - +/- 2,147,483,648 4 bytes Smallint - 32,768 to 32,767 2 bytes Tinyint 0 to 255 1 byte Bit 0,1 or null 2 bytes Decimal(precision,scale) Default max precision 38 decimals

  22. Datatypes • Money, Smallmoney • Datetime, Smalldatetime • Getdate() • Char, Varchar • Nchar, nvarchar • Text • Timestamp/rowversion • Uniqueidentifier • Newid()

  23. System Functions • Getdate() • Cast() • Convert() • “Global Variables” • SELECT @@version

  24. Operators • + - * / % • = > < >= <= <> • Concatination + • AND, OR, NOT

  25. Expressions • Symbols and operators that evaluate to a single value • Must be used in the context of another query

  26. Control of flow • Somewhat limited compared to other languages • WHILE • IF ELSE • BEGIN END block • CASE • WAITFOR • CONTINUE/BREAK

  27. Lab 2A: T-SQL Language Elements • In this instructor led lab, students will practice using various T-SQL elements

  28. Chapter 3: Foundation T-SQL Statements

  29. ANSI SQL • History • Purpose • Four Main DML Statements: • SELECT • INSERT • UPDATE • DELETE

  30. SELECT • Retrieve/Filter Rows SELECT <selectlist> FROM <table1, n…> WHERE <conditional expression> ORDER BY <fieldlist> • Over 30 pages of online help!

  31. INSERT • Adds new rows to tables INSERT Customers VALUES( ‘Henson’, ‘Dave’, ‘dhenson@certifiednetworks.com’ )

  32. Update • Modifies existing records

  33. Delete • Wipes out rows forever • Truncate Table Customers

  34. Temp tables • Preceed object name with a # during creation • New in SQL 2000 – table variables

  35. Lab 3A: Foundation T-SQL • In this instructor led lab, we will establish business requirements and build our class database from the ground up.

  36. Chapter 4: Joins

  37. Data Environments • OLTP • Structured/Optimized for transactions • Data is organized in many tables • OLAP • Structured/Optimized for reporting • Large space requirements • Redundant Data

  38. Putting Things Back Together Again • Joins pull together data from two or more tables • Basic Syntax SELECT * FROM Orders o INNER JOIN OrderDetails od ON o.OrderID = od.OrderID

  39. Join Types • INNER JOIN • LEFT OUTER JOIN • RIGHT OUTER JOIN • FULL JOIN • CROSS JOIN

  40. Inner Join • Exclusive nature of inner join • Only rows that match in both input tables are returned

  41. Outer Join • All rows from “left” or “right are returned • Any matching rows from the other side are returned • Business questions: • “Show me all customers, and their purchases for the month” • “Show me all products, and their profit last week”

  42. Full Join • All data from both inputs are returned • Null is returned in cells where there is no intersection

  43. Cross Join • Cartesian product of two inputs • Produces all intersections • Can produce mass amounts of data…good for populating databases

  44. Joining multiple tables • Every join is between two “input” tables • One table could be an “intermediate result” of another join • Many errors(and hours of frustration) come from improper mixing of inner and outer joins

  45. Self Joins • Join a table to itself for recursive lookups • Must use table aliases • Example: • Employees table contains ManagerID field, which must be a valid EmployeeID

  46. Chapter 5:Subqueries and Summary Queries

  47. Grouping Summarizing • GROUP BY clause is often used for reporting, in conjunction with joins • Basic Structure: SELECT <item>, <aggregate> FROM <tablelist> <join sets> GROUP BY <item>

  48. Having Clause • Having is the where clause applied to the aggregated data SELECT ProductID, Sum(SaleAmount) FROM Sales GROUP BY ProductID HAVING Sum(SaleAmount) > 1000

  49. Aggregate functions • Count(), Count(*) • Sum() • Min() • Max() • Avg() • Ceiling() • Floor() • Other statistical aggregates…

  50. Unions • Joins two complete result sets together • Field number and types must match • Good for adding summary lines to reports and pulling data together from multiple servers

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