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The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory. Time begins. The universe begins ~13.7 Billion years ago The universe begins as the size of a single atom The universe began as a violent expansion All matter and space were created from a single point of pure energy in an instant.

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The Big Bang Theory

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  1. The Big Bang Theory

  2. Time begins • The universe begins ~13.7 Billion years ago • The universe begins as the size of a single atom • The universe began as a violent expansion • All matter and space were created from a single point of pure energy in an instant

  3. ~ Several hundred thousand yearsafter Big Bang • ATOMS form (specifically Hydrogen and its isotopes with a small amount of Helium.) • The early Universe was about 75% Hydrogen and 25% Helium. It is still almost the same today.

  4. ~200 to 400 million yearsafter Big Bang • 1st stars and galaxies form

  5. ~ 4.6 billionyears ago • Our Solar system forms

  6. Misconceptions about the Big Bang • there was no explosion; there was (and continues to be) an expansion • Rather than imagining a balloon popping and releasing its contents, imagine a balloon expanding: an infinitesimally small balloon expanding to the size of our current universe • we tend to image the singularity as a little fireball appearing somewhere in space • space began inside of the singularity. Prior to the singularity, nothing existed, not space, time, matter, or energy - nothing.

  7. Big Bang evidence • Universal expansion (Red Shift) • Stellar formation and evolution • Speed of light and stellar distances • There are other way that are more complex…. Don’t worry about those

  8. Red Shift • Red shift is just like the Doppler Effect. When an object moves quickly towards you the wave compacts causing it to look bluish, away from you causes it to expand looking reddish

  9. How do we know Red shift happens? These are diffraction pattern lines - all elements have a specific diffraction grating pattern • When we look at distant stars and galaxies we see that they appear redder than they should

  10. Stellar formation and evolution • We observe the life cycles of stars across the universe using tools such as satellites and telescopes • we view stars form, burn and explode

  11. Speed of light and stellar distances • The speed of light is a universal constant of 300,000 km/s • We observe stars millions/billions of light-years away • A light-year is the distance that light travels in 1 year – the light we see today from a star 500 light years away is 500 years old • The furthest stars away are 10-15 billion light years away • We have telescopes that can see further, but there isn’t anything viewable

  12. LASTLY – we are pretty sure everything has a beginning, right?

  13. Entrance question • What is the relationship between galaxies, solar system, universe, stars, and planets?

  14. Galaxies

  15. Fun facts • It is estimated there are over 500,000,000,000 galaxies in our universe • 1 Galaxy might have as many as 500,000,000,000 stars in it

  16. Galaxies • We are learning to: explain that universe has billions of galaxies and are classified by shape • We are looking for: shapes of galaxies • Spiral- mix of old and new stars • Elliptical- more developed galaxies with older stars • Irregular-newer galaxies with newer stars

  17. How does a galaxy form? • What came first the chicken or the egg? • After the Big Bang…… • Some say there were clouds of stellar particles clumped together that formed galaxies • Others say gravity pulled small individual pieces together that grew into galaxies • As the mass grew larger, the gravity grew stronger and attracted more particles

  18. What we do know • A galaxy is a collection of stars, planets, interstellar dust and other space debris • Galaxies are always changing, forming new stars, old stars are dying and exploding, and galaxies are crashing into each other • The Milky Way is on a collision course with our neighbor galaxy, Andromeda (hurry, you have only about 5 billion years to prepare)

  19. Types of galaxies • Three main types • Elliptical • Spiral • Irregular

  20. Elliptical Galaxies • Round to egg to football shaped • No rotation • Few “loose” stellar particles • Small, cool, long living stars so the galaxy can get quite old

  21. Spiral Galaxies • Like our own Milky Way • Rotation around the central hub • Dust spirals that provide makings of new stars • Many young stars

  22. NO! the furthest space probes (Voyager 1 and 2 launched 1977) are only just out of our solar system! Is this a real picture taken by our technology?

  23. This is a real picture

  24. Irregular Galaxies • No organization • Mix of old and new stars • Mix of stellar gasses and dust • Though to form when two galaxies collide

  25. How do we view space? Telescope Space probe Space craft Satellites

  26. When you look at stars you see the past. • Sun 8 minutes old • Nearest star (Proxima Centauri) 4.6 light years • Nearest galaxy (Andromeda) 2.5 million light years • If the sun were to suddenly “turn off” how long would it take us to know? …….

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