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The future of broadcasting an example of a sector study. British Broadcasting needs to go international. Home market saturated and fragmenting Economies of scale needed for programmes Comparative advantage ‘ the best brand name in the business’ Global competition for supplies & outlets
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British Broadcasting needs to go international • Home market saturated and fragmenting • Economies of scale needed for programmes • Comparative advantage • ‘ the best brand name in the business’ • Global competition for supplies & outlets BBC Worldwide - 50% of total BBC revenue Europe’s leading exporter of TV progs and formats Global TV operator – 19 commercial channels
The evolution of broadcasting • National Terrestrial • Continental Satellite • Global Broadband • From broadcasting to narrowcasting • From national audiences to specialist niches
The value-delivery systemJeremy Mayhew (BBC Worldwide) Guardian 20/9/97 Production Distribution Retailing Content Distribution Gateways Transmitters ‘Platforms’ Networks: Terrestrial Cable Satellite Internet software: encryption decoding hardware: set-top boxes smart cards network servers
Multimedia convergence Film TV and music Cable, Satellite and terrestrial Content • Content is key to sales of subscriptions and hardware • Multimedia mergers: • AOL Time Warner • Universal Vivendi (Canal Plus) Has this approach worked? Computers WAP phones iTV Hardware Transmission Processing
Where will the power reside? • Strong content • to drive subscriptions, pay per view,audiences • Well-placed monopolistic gateways BBC strategy • trade on strengths in content • avoid over-dependence on any one system • joint ventures & deals with gateways/distributors (eg Freeview/Freesat)
Ways of entering the market • Export sales(£660m - 40,000 hrs of programmes • Licensing(Teletubbies in Chinese) • Joint Ventures • Discovery, Foxtel, Atlantis, Flextech • Disney magazines, Hello fulfilment, CBS library • Direct Investment - beeb.com • new digital channels BBC Prime, World, America
New Media • BBC website • Listen Again • interactive Media Player (iMP) • Creative Archive, • Plans to sell pay-to-view programmes abroad via its website
Global Media Ownership • http://www.mediachannel.org/ownership/chart.shtml
Rupert Murdoch - News Corpwww.newscorp.comthe leading player • Originally a newspaper publisher • Vertical integration: Fox Studios/TV • First-mover advantage in satellite & digital • content provider & gateway controls • Global TV channels • Fox, BSkyB, C7 (Aus) Star TV Asia • Uses sport as ‘the battering ram’ Guardian 16/10/96
Growth markets- • Asia (exc USSR) 60% of world population • Fastest economic growth rates • Economic liberalisation of China • explosion in consumer demand (1.3 billion people) • Media and entertainment market worth £14.5 bn • 110 million internet users • 378 million mobile phone users
Star TV • Star 20 channels English, Mandarin and Hindi • 300 m viewers in 53 countries • Majority shareholder NewsCorp Relations with Chinese government crucial • BBC World News replaced by Sky • Yet it still failed to win over the Chinese
2003 Murdoch buys Direct TV USA • http://media.guardian.co.uk/rupertmurdoch/story/0,11136,933806,00.html • Foxtel News set to rival CNN and BBC • ‘like the Sun in the Sky’ ? • Buys minority stake in ITV • Battle with Virgin cable
How can the Government... • Ease cross-media ownership restrictions? • createglobal-scale media groups • encourage innovation and entrepreneurship • Ensure competition - consumer choice & access? • Protect freedom of speech & news reporting? • Preserve standards of decency? Ian Hargreaves FT Creative Business 5/12/00 The answer is Ofcom?
Communications Act • Removed barriers to ownership • including foreign investment • allows a single ITV company • Relies on normal competition law • and the existence of Public Service Broadcasting • Regulates content through OFCOM • diversity, quality and impartiality • but still limits cross-media ownership • prevents Murdoch getting control of ITV
Public Service Broadcasting aims •sustaining citizenship and civil society •promoting education and learning •stimulating creativity and cultural excellence •representing the UK, its Nations, regions & communities •bringing the UK to the world and the world to the UK • Who pays?