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Developing the Logical Frame Work …………….

Developing the Logical Frame Work ……………. Murali Krishna Public Health Foundation of India . Learning objectives. After this lecture participants will be able to Understand the difference between LFA and LFM build a logical framework matrix/PPM/Log frame.

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Developing the Logical Frame Work …………….

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  1. Developing the Logical Frame Work ……………. Murali Krishna Public Health Foundation of India

  2. Learning objectives • After this lecture participants will be able to • Understand the difference between LFA and LFM • build a logical framework matrix/PPM/Log frame

  3. Are we speaking like this ? Project Planning Matrix Logical frame work matrix Logical frame work Analysis Log frame

  4. Are we making u like this?

  5. LFA and Logical Framework Matrix • LFA is a project preparation methodology • LFM is a document with a special structure, produced as the result of LFA. • LFA is the process and LFM is the product. • LFM is sometimes called Project Planning Matrix (PPM)/ Log Frame

  6. Why LFA in projects? • It takes the planners through a series of steps to define clearly what the project or program will accomplish and how • It provides in-depth analysis of project objectives, outputs, and activities. • It provides a structured, logical approach to setting priorities and determining the intended results and activities of a project. • It helps to identify possible risks to project implementation. • It uses Quantity, Quality and Time indicators FOR measuring achievement of objectives • It provides a useful basis for project appraisal

  7. Steps in LFA LFA consists of 4 steps: • Situation analysis • Strategy Analysis • Project Planning Matrix • Implementation Participation of the stakeholders is a prerequisite

  8. 1. Situation Analysis • The analysis phase is the most critical, yet most difficult, phase of the log frame approach. The analysis phase consists of three stages • Stakeholder analysis: Identify biases, expectations, and concerns of the people, groups, or organizations that may influence or be influenced by the problem or a potential solution to the problem. • Problem analysis • Objective analysis

  9. b. Problem Analysis Identify the root cause and effects of the problem: Cause and effect link • Problem Tree Method Effect Effect Main Problem Cause Cause Cause Cause Cause

  10. c. Objective Analysis Build on ‘Problem Tree’: The negative statements • It is ‘Objective Tree’: The positive statements • ‘Means-Ends’ relationship

  11. 2. Strategy Analysis

  12. Strategy Analysis • A strategy analysis (also known as or alternatives analysis) involves an analysis of the ‘objective tree’. • Each of the ‘roots’ is examined as a possible means of strategy for achieving the core objective of the project. • Criteria are selected by which each possible strategy is to be judged and, either through a ‘ranking system’ or a consensus through discussion,

  13. 3. LFM: Introduction • The logical framework Matrix was developed in the late 1960s to assist the US Agency of International Development (USAID) as a tool for: • Detailed planning with clearly defined objectives that can be monitored • Clear management responsibility • Pre-determined evaluation process

  14. Terminology • Inputs • Process • Outcome (output, effect & impact) • Objectives and goal

  15. System framework Inputs Process Outcomes Effect Impact Output Goal (planned impacts) Targets (immediate results in numbers) Objectives (Coverage)

  16. Monitoring Evaluation if we can attribute of inputs/process INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT EFFECT OBJECTIVE Resources put into a program Activities which convert program inputs to outputs Products or services produced by program The M & E framework (logic model) Monitoring and Evaluation

  17. The logical framework matrix • Also known as the log frame • Provides the documented product of the analytical process • It consists of a matrix with four columns and four rows (or more), which summarize the key elements of a project plan • The project's hierarchy of objectives • Project description or intervention logic • The key external factors critical to the project’s success • Assumptions • How the project’s achievements will be monitored and evaluated • Indicators and sources of verification

  18. Logical Framework (Log Frame) The Goal refers to the overall problem we are trying to address The Summary outlines the project’s objectives: what it hopes to achieve and how. What outputs are needed to achieve the Purpose? What change or benefit we want the project to achieve so that the goal can be reached How will the outputs be delivered or produced

  19. General sequence of completion

  20. Log Frame – Filling the matrix • Filling tips: • There should be only one or two purposes • The main problem gives the project Purpose • The “causes” help in identifying the Outputs and Activities • Eg. What causes (outputs) increased immunization coverage (Purpose) • Use the “If Then” test to ensure logical links • Working from Activities as IF the activity was carried out THEN will the output be produced/result. • Similarly for other levels

  21. Log Frame – Filling the matrix (e g Measles immunization)

  22. Log Frame – Filling the matrix • Assumptions/Risks: • We can never be 100% sure that the activities we plan or outputs the project will produce will actually happen. This because we live in a world of uncertainties. The log frame explicitly acknowledges this. • Risks which can affect planned activities and expected outcomes include: • Climate changes (floods, rain, drought etc.) • Health worker strikes or bandhs • Fluctuations in the economy or changes in economic policy • Changes in government policy • Contractors not fulfilling obligations

  23. Log Frame – Filling the matrix • Assumptions/Risks: • Starting with each activity, list the potential and plausible risks which might prevent it from being carried out. • Rank the risks in order of importance and select only the most important ones (e.g. top two or three) • Write these risks into the Assumption column. Since risks are typically negatively worded, you might consider writing it as a positive statement such that it reads like an assumption. • For example – Risk : Health workers are not willing to work • Assumption: Health workers are willing to work • If there is a risk reducing measure available then it is important to include it as an activity since this will ensure greater success of the project. • Check the logic of your assumptions using the “IF – AND – THEN’ technique

  24. Assessment of assumptions

  25. Log Frame – Filling the matrix AND

  26. Log Frame – Filling the matrix THEN

  27. Log Frame – Filling the matrix • Indicators • COVERED IN EARLIER • Evidence (Means of Verification) • the type of data needed, such as a survey • the source of the data – whether secondary (collected by someone else) or primary (collected by our organisation) • frequency and dates of data collection. For example, monthly, quarterly, annually.

  28. Data sources Source: Adapted from MEASURE Evaluation( 2007). M&E Fundamentals - A Self-Guided Minicourse.

  29. Exercise

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