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Zoology

Zoology. Standard 2: Invertebrates. List 5 characteristics of members of the Kingdom Animalia. Characteristics of Animals. Eukaryotes Multicellularity Heterotrophy Sexual reproduction Mobility -No cell wall Diploidy Specialized tissues Blastula formation. Zoo Agenda 04/08.

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Zoology

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  1. Zoology Standard 2: Invertebrates

  2. List 5 characteristics of members of the Kingdom Animalia.

  3. Characteristics of Animals • Eukaryotes • Multicellularity • Heterotrophy • Sexual reproduction • Mobility -No cell wall • Diploidy • Specialized tissues • Blastula formation

  4. Zoo Agenda 04/08 • Pre -Standard 2: Invertebrates • More Animal Characteristics • Graphic Organizer p.17 • Work with It! pp.18-20

  5. Eukaryotes • Cells with a nucleus • Membrane-bound organelles

  6. Multicellarity • More than one cell • Gives rise to different body plans • Asymmetrical • Radial • Bilateral • Clip

  7. Asymmetrical • No fixed arrangement of body parts • Lack cephalization (no head!) • No symmetry exists

  8. Radial Symmetry • How many ways can a pizza be cut into two equal parts? • Infinite number of ways as long as the cut goes through the center of the pizza

  9. Bilateral Symmetry • How many ways can a chair be cut in half? • Only one way; left and right halves that mirror each other

  10. I am a heterotroph, I can’t make these bananas! Heterotrophy • Eat or consume other organisms • Clip

  11. Mobility • No cell wall allows for mobility of cells and organism

  12. Diploidy • 2n • Two sets of chromosomes • One from each parent (sexual reproduction)

  13. Sexual Fertilization • Egg + Sperm = Embryo • External • Outside body, higher mortality, large # gametes (egg and sperm) • Example: Fish, Amphibians, Insects • Internal • Inside body, lower mortality, small # gametes • Examples: Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

  14. Blastula Formation • Development of the embryo • Produces primary tissue layers • Endoderm • Mesoderm • Ectoderm • Clip

  15. Tissues • Cells organized into specialized tissues • Clip

  16. Heterotrophy Multicelluar Diploidy Blastula Formation Mobility Tissues

  17. Animal Concept Map Mobitiy Tissue Sexual Reproduction Primary Tissue Layers Body Plan External Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry

  18. Work with It! Complete pp.18-20.

  19. Warm-up 04/09 • What does Invertebrate mean? • List as many different types of Invertebrates as you can. • Circle the animal in your list you think is “The First” animal evolutionarily?

  20. Invertebrates • Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. • Invertebrates are cold-blooded. • Eight Major Phylums

  21. INVERTEBRATES = No Backbone

  22. Agenda 04/09 Shape of Life :“Origins” Notes

  23. The Shape of Life • What was the FIRST animal? • How can we find this out and prove it? • The Shape of Life “Origins” • Read over questions • Answer questions while watching Origins.

  24. Eight Major Phyla • Porifera: Sponges • Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Hydra, Anemone, Coral • Platyhelminthes: Flatworms • Nemotoda: Roundworms • Arthropoda: Insects, Crustaceans, Spiders, Millipedes, Centepedes • Mollusca: Clams, snails, Slugs, Nautilus, Octopus • Annelida:Segmented worms, leeches • Echinodermata: Sea Stars, Sea Urchins

  25. Phylum Porifera: Sponges

  26. Warm-up 04/10 • What are the 3 types of symmetry? • What type of symmetry to sponges have? • Asymmetry • Bilateral • Radial

  27. Agenda 04/10 • Finish The Shape of Life “Origins” • Porifera Notes • Phylum Cnidaria • Cnidarians Spelling bee • Notes

  28. Phylum Porifera:Sponges • Multicellular Eukaryotes • Heterotrophic, filter feeders • No cell wall, but sessile • Have specialized cells • Mostly marine, but include some freshwater inhabitants; usually found attached to the substrate in shallow or deep water.

  29. Sponge Specialized Cells • Amoebocytes • Spicules • Choanocytes

  30. Body layers • Outer layer of flattened cells • Inner lining containing flagellated cells - draw water through pores, also filter food particles from water • Middle layer is a gelatinous material and contains spicules

  31. Sponge Reproduction • Most are hermaphroditic • Sperm leaves a sponge via osculum, and enters by the currents generated from the choanocytes. • Fertilized eggs develop into free-swimming larvae • Sponges can reproduce asexually by fragmentation • Many of the freshwater sponges can produce asexually

  32. Sponge Skeleton • Mesohyl- middle layer has a skeleton composed of tiny pointed structures made of silica or calcium carbonate called spicules. • Some sponges have skeletons of spongin fibers made of collagenous material; found in many of the commercial sponges

  33. Sponge Taxonomy • Class Calcarea • Calcareous Sponges • Sponges with calcium carbonate spicules only. • Spicules are straight or have 3-4 rays • These sponges diversity is greatest in the tropics, predominantly in shallow waters

  34. Class Hexactinellida • Glass Sponges • Glass sponges • Characterized by siliceous (silica) spicules consisting of six rays intersecting at right angles

  35. Class Demospongiae • Demosponges • More than 90 % of the 5,000 known living sponge species are demosponges. • Skeletons are spongin fibers and/or siliceous spicules • Filter Feeders Yellow sponge growing on a wall on a Caribbean reef.

  36. Porifera Links • http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Documents/Zoology/Zoology_Tutorials.htm • www.biology.iastate.edu/.../%20Porifindx.htm • http://www.bumblebee.org/invertebrates/Porifera.htm • www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Porifera/ • http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Porifera.html

  37. If time…… • Intro to Phylum Cnidaria • Cnidarians Spelling bee • Slides • Notes • Classification Activity

  38. Eight Major Phyla • Porifera: Sponges • Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Hydra, Anemone, Coral • Platyhelminthes: Flatworms • Nemotoda: Roundworms • Arthropoda: Insects, Crustaceans, Spiders, Millipedes, Centepedes • Mollusca: Clams, snails, Slugs, Nautilus, Octopus • Annelida:Segmented worms, leeches • Echinodermata: Sea Stars, Sea Urchins

  39. Cnidarians: Jellyfish, Hydra, Anemone, Coral

  40. Characteristics of Cnidarians • Radial symmetry • 2 Tissue Layers • Inner (Gastrodermis) and Outer (Ectodermis) • Nematocysts- located in cells called Cnidocytes, used for defense or feeding • Two Life forms: medusa and polyp

  41. Bilateral vs Radial Symmetry

  42. 2 Tissue Layers • Gastrodermis(endoderm) Inner layer • Ectoderm- Outer layer • Mesoglea- Middle material

  43. Two Life Forms

  44. Zoo Warm-up 04/11 • What are 3 key characteristics of the Phylum Porifera? • Asymmetrical • Filter Feeders • Specialized Cells • Hermaphrodites • Classified according to spicule composition

  45. Agenda 04/11 • Phylum Cnidaria • Finish Notes • Classification Activity • Shape of Life “On the Move”

  46. Eight Major Phyla • Porifera: Sponges • Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Hydra, Anemone, Coral • Platyhelminthes: Flatworms • Nemotoda: Roundworms • Arthropoda: Insects, Crustaceans, Spiders, Millipedes, Centepedes • Mollusca: Clams, snails, Slugs, Nautilus, Octopus • Annelida:Segmented worms, leeches • Echinodermata: Sea Stars, Sea Urchins

  47. Life Functions of Cnidarians • Movement and Response • Nerve Cells- nerve net surrounds whole body • Sensory Cells- used to sense environment • Muscle-like cells- longitudinal and circular aid in movement

  48. Nematocysts

  49. Nematocysts

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