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Enhancing Tamarixia radiata Parasitism Against Asian Citrus Psyllid in Florida

This study focuses on the release and evaluation of Tamarixia radiata parasitism against the Asian citrus psyllid in Florida. The efforts to enhance parasitism rates involve statewide evaluations, importation and introduction of new parasitoids, mass production, collaboration for large-scale rearing facilities, and assessing parasitism rates of newly released parasitoids. Various methodologies are employed to evaluate parasitism rates, including field and laboratory techniques. Results show significant parasitism rates in experimental blocks and three regions of Florida. The study emphasizes the establishment and impact of T. radiata releases for effective pest control in citrus groves.

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Enhancing Tamarixia radiata Parasitism Against Asian Citrus Psyllid in Florida

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  1. Field release and evaluation of Tamarixia radiata parasitism against Asian citrus psyllid Jawwad A. Qureshi and Philip A. Stansly Southwest Florida Research and Education Center

  2. Parasitoid: Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Adult Larva Egg A. Urebaneja Mummies Prepupa M. Rogers

  3. Our efforts to enhance parasitism rates of T. radiata in the United States • Statewide evaluation of T. radiata parasitism from previously released and established parasitoids imported from Taiwan and south Vietnam by Hoy and Nguyen (1999-2000) (Qureshi et al. 2009) • Import and introduction of T. radiatafrom Pakistan, South China, and North Vietnam, and their genetic characterization (Barr et al. 2010) • Mass production and release of previously established and new parasitoids • Collaboration with Orange Co. and DPI to establish large scale mass rearing facilities • Evaluation of parasitism rates of newly released parasitoids

  4. Previous and recent releases of T. radiata in Florida • 1999 – 2001: 37, 000 from colonies established at DPI Gainesville, FL, from parasitoids imported from Taiwan and south Vietnam (Hoy and Nguyen 2001, Skelly and Hoy 2004) • 2009 (Mar – Dec): 32, 000 from colony established at Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC), Immokalee, FL, from previously imported and established parasitoids • 2009-10 (Oct – Jan): 36, 000from colonies established at DPI Gainesville, FL, from parasitoids imported from Pakistan, South China, and North Vietnam

  5. Methods to evaluate parasitism rates • Cages with apertures to allow parasitoids but not the large size predators to access the colonies in the field. (Michaud, 2004, Qureshi and Stansly, 2009) Larva Egg • Examination of nymphs under the microscope to look for parasitoid eggs larvae or pupae (Qureshi et al. 2009) Prepupa

  6. Methods to evaluate parasitism rates • Laboratory rearing of field collected nymphs through adult emergence. • (Qureshi and Stansly, 2009, Qureshi et al. 2009) • Exposure of plants infested with psyllid nymphs to natural populations of the parasitoid in the field (Qureshi and Stansly, 2009)

  7. Incidence of parasitism by T. radiata on citrus in three regions of Florida 56% 39% 20% Qureshi et al. (2009)

  8. Incidence of parasitism by T. radiata oncitrus in experimental blocks at SWFREC Qureshi and Stansly (2009)

  9. Incidence of parasitism by T. radiata on citrus in Isabela, Puerto Rico 2004 - 05 Pluke et. al. (2008)

  10. Releases of T. radiata imported from Taiwan and South Vietnam

  11. Releases of T. radiata imported from Pakistan, South China, and North Vietnam

  12. Incidence of parasitism by T. radiata at SWFREC 2009

  13. Highest parasitism observed during Oct – Nov in conventional groves with and without T. radiata releases, 2009 Parasitism (%) Average n = 49 20% n = 35 n = 491 10% n = 28 Groves with releases Groves without releases

  14. Parasitism rates in groves with releases of newly imported T. radiata (October 2009) n = 1094 n = 21 n = 10 S. China Pakistan N. Vietnam

  15. Nymphs parasitized by T. radiata on sentinel plants exposed for two to three weeks at SWFREC and a conventional grove, Immokalee, FL n = 50 n = 28 n = 188 n = 296 n = 416

  16. Conclusions and Future Directions • Colonies of previously established and recently imported strains from Pakistan, South China, and North Vietnam are now well established • Mass production, release and evaluation in progress • Parasitism rates of 40-60% were observed when more nymphs were available in the groves or recovered on sentinel plants • Parasitism rates averaged 50% more in the groves where releases were made compared to groves with no releases • More T. radiatawill be produced and released in 2010, particularly in spring flush • Impact of releases will be measured in both treated and untreated conventional and organic groves

  17. Acknowledgements • Funding: Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council • All participating growers and collaborators from Pakistan, China, and Vietnam • Division of Plant Industry for quarantine facility and Ru Nguyen for rearing of imported strains • Animal Plant Health and Inspection Service for permit to release the newly imported strains • M. Triana, J. Mendez, S. Croxton, UF-IFAS Immokalee for technical assistance

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