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The Role of Computer Vision in Astronomy

The Role of Computer Vision in Astronomy. Rob Fergus New York University. Overview. Virtually all our knowledge about the universe derived from measurements of photons Usually as images Big astronomy project is $50M-200M But only 1-2% of this on software

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The Role of Computer Vision in Astronomy

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  1. The Role of Computer Vision in Astronomy Rob Fergus New York University

  2. Overview • Virtually all our knowledge about the universe derived from measurements of photons • Usually as images • Big astronomy project is $50M-200M • But only 1-2% of this on software • Just discovering techniques from computer vision & machine learning

  3. Astrometry.net • Input: image of sky • Output: • Absolute position • List of objects • Geometric hashing(quads of stars) • Lamdan & Wolfson [ICCV’88] • Widely used by pros & amateurs Lang, Hogg, Mierle, Blanton & Roweis, [The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 137, 2010]

  4. Removing Atmospheric Distortions • Ground-based telescopes look through atmosphere • Blind (online) estimation of atmospheric distortion and true image • Far better than “lucky” imaging (current approach) Hirsch, Harmeling, Sra & Schölkopf , [Astronomy & Astrophysics 2011] Hirsch, Sra, Schölkopf & Harmeling, [CVPR 2010]

  5. ExoplanetImaging • Want to image planets around other stars • Need contrast ratio >1010 for Earth-like planets • Diffraction in telescope • Light from star obscures planet • Deconvolution problem • Big assistance from optical design Planet Zimmerman et al., [Astrophysical Journal, 2009]. Oppenheimer and Hinkley,[Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2009]. Crepp et al., [Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 729, 2011].

  6. Galaxy / Star Classification Star vs Galaxy [Sloan Digital Sky Survey]

  7. Galaxy / Star Classification • Distinguish stars from galaxies • SVM-based models • Smith et al. [A & A, Vol. 522, 2010] • Generative model of galaxies • Lang et al. [In preparation] Stars Galaxies Data Model

  8. Future Directions UnifiedBayesian model Propagateuncertaintyfrom pixels Physics-informedpriors Funded by NSF CDI

  9. Cosmology http://cmml2011.wikispaces.com/ Bayesian approaches to fitting high-level cosmological models

  10. Cosmic Ray Classification Raw image from Hubble Space Telescope:

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