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Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition. Chapter 7 Advanced Installation. Objectives. Describe the types and structure of SCSI devices Identify default IRQs, I/O addresses, and DMAs Explain how Plug-and-Play can be used to assign configuration to peripheral devices

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Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition

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  1. Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition Chapter 7 Advanced Installation

  2. Objectives • Describe the types and structure of SCSI devices • Identify default IRQs, I/O addresses, and DMAs • Explain how Plug-and-Play can be used to assign configuration to peripheral devices • Explain how APM and ACPI can be used to control power to peripheral devices Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  3. Objectives (continued) • Outline the steps used to install Linux from source files on a DVD, hard disk, or network server • Understand methods used to automate the Linux installation • Install Red Hat Fedora Linux using a kickstart file • Troubleshoot the installation process Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  4. Advanced Hardware Configuration: SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration • Terminator: Prevents signals from bouncing back and forth on a cable • SCSI ID: Uniquely identifies devices attached to a SCSI controller • Target ID • Identifies priority • Logical Unit Number (LUN): Unique ID for each device attached to a node in a SCSI chain Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  5. Advanced Hardware Configuration: SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration (continued) Figure 7-1: Connecting SCSI devices Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  6. Advanced Hardware Configuration: SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration (continued) Table 7-1: Common SCSI standards Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  7. Advanced Hardware Configuration: SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration (continued) Figure 7-2: A 50-pin Centronics SCSI connector Figure 7-3: A 50-pin LPT SCSI connector Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  8. Advanced Hardware Configuration: SCSI Hard Disk Drive Configuration (continued) Figure 7-4: A 68-pin LPT SCSI connector Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  9. Mainboard Flow Control: IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses • IRQs: Method for peripheral devices to share processor time • Prioritize simultaneous service requests • Polling: Processor polls devices to determine tasks to be run • Difficult to prioritize • Interruption: Processor interrupted by devices when resources needed • Prioritize via IRQ Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  10. Mainboard Flow Control: IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses (continued) Figure 7-5: IRQ priorities Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  11. Mainboard Flow Control: IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses (continued) Table 7-2: Default IRQ assignments Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  12. Mainboard Flow Control: IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses (continued) • I/O address: Identifies working space in RAM for peripheral devices • DMA: Allows devices direct physical memory access via unique channels • Improves system performance Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  13. Mainboard Flow Control: IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses (continued) Table 7-3: Default I/O address assignments Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  14. Mainboard Flow Control: IRQs, DMAs, and I/O Addresses (continued) Table 7-4: Default DMA assignments Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  15. Plug-and-Play • PnP: Automatically assigns configuration information to devices • IRQs, I/O addresses, DMAs • Uses BIOS information to avoid conflicts • Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS): Memory on mainboard used to store configuration information for boot process Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  16. APM and ACPI • APM: Shuts off power to peripheral components as needed • Configured in BIOS • Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI): Configures peripheral’s power setting from OS • Monitor CPU temperature and battery power • Standby mode and sleep mode • Linux ACPI Client: Utility used to view ACPI settings Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  17. RAID Configuration • Fault tolerant: Device exhibiting minimum downtime after failure • Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID): Combines several HDDs’ storage space • Hardware- or software-based • Seven raid configurations Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  18. RAID Configuration (continued) • Spanning: Two HDDs seen as one volume • RAID level 0, not fault tolerant • Disk striping: Write separate information to different HDDs • RAID level 0, not fault tolerant • Decreases read/write time • Disk mirroring: Two identical hard disks • RAID level 1, fault tolerant Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  19. RAID Configuration (continued) • Disk striping with parity: Write separate information to HDDs and maintain parity information • RAID level 5, fault tolerant • Parity bits indicate what data is where • Can be used to re-generate data when HDD fails • Requires three HDDs minimum • Most common RAID configuration Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  20. RAID Configuration (continued) Figure 7-6: Organization of data on RAID level 5 Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  21. Installation Methods • International Standards Organization (ISO) image: Large file containing exact copy of contents of a CD-ROM or DVD • CD-ROM is the most common and easiest method for installing Linux • Other methods for installing Linux • DVD • Network server • Local hard disk Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  22. DVD Installation • Similar to CD-ROM installation • Only one DVD required, as opposed to multiple CD-ROMs Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  23. Hard Disk Installation • May install Linux directly from ISO images on hard disk • Must have sufficient free space outside partition containing ISO images • Create installation startup CD-ROM or bootable USB flash memory drive • Boot from this to start installation • Installation will be text-based Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  24. Hard Disk Installation (continued) Figure 7-7: Installation welcome screen Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  25. Hard Disk Installation (continued) Figure 7-8: Language selection screen Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  26. Hard Disk Installation (continued) Figure 7-9: Keyboard selection screen Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  27. Hard Disk Installation (continued) Figure 7-10: Selecting an installation method Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  28. Hard Disk Installation (continued) Figure 7-11: Specifying source file location for a hard disk-based installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  29. Network-Based Installations • Requires installation startup CD-ROM or bootable USB flash memory drive • Contains NIC drivers and programs allowing connection to server • Installation via one of following protocols: • Network File System (NFS) • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • Must configure network settings Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  30. Network-Based Installations (continued) Figure 7-12: Configuring local network settings Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  31. Network-Based Installations (continued) Figure 7-13:Specifying source file location for an NFS-based installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  32. Network-Based Installations (continued) Figure 7-14: Specifying source file location for an FTP-based installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  33. Network-Based Installations (continued) Figure 7-15: Specifying source file location for an HTTP-based installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  34. Automating Linux Installations • Deploy several Linux servers and workstations requiring same configuration • Disk imaging software: Duplicates HDD contents from one computer to another • e.g., Symantec Ghost • Typically loaded from boot floppy disk • Copy whole partitions or HDDs to other HDDs • Locally or across network Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  35. Automating Linux Installations (continued) Figure 7-16: Symantec Ghost Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  36. Automating Linux Installations (continued) • Kickstart file: Automated installation script • Specifies normal OS installation choices • ks.cfg • Kickstart Configuration: Configure a new kickstart file • To use ks.cfg: • Format floppy with ext2, copy ks.cfg to it • Boot from installation startup CD-ROM • At welcome screen, specify ks.cfg file Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  37. Automating Linux Installations (continued) Figure 7-17: The Kickstart Configurator Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  38. Troubleshooting Installation • Computers typically have different BIOS configurations • Installing on different computers is rarely the same • Problems primarily related to hardware support or configuration • Typically fixed by changing hardware configuration Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  39. Problems Starting the Installation • Check BIOS boot order • Check BIOS for reserved peripheral configurations (IRQ, I/O addresses, DMA) Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  40. Problems During Installation • For graphical installation, video card must be detected • Appropriate drivers must be loaded • Video card may not be supported by mode and resolution of graphical installation • Use Linux nofb or linux lowres installation • Mouse does not work • Use text-based installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  41. Problems During Installation (continued) • Installation freezes • Disable PnP support in BIOS prior to installation • Installation ends abnormally • “fatal signal 11” error displayed • Could be problem with RAM • Often fixed by turning off CPU cache memory or increasing number of wait states in the BIOS • Could also be RAM or CPU voltage issue Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  42. Problems During Installation (continued) • Other failure causes include bad memory chips, an AMD K6 processor, laptop power management conflicts, overclocked CPUs • Overclocked: Running a processor at a higher speed than it is rated for • May lead to increased performance • Produces more heat on processor • May result in computer crashes Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  43. Problems After Installation • May have problems if installation program did not detect computer hardware properly or certain programs were not installed • Installation log file: Records actions that occur or fail during installation • /root/install.log: Lists packages installed • /root/install.log.syslog: Lists all system events that occurred during installation Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  44. Problems After Installation (continued) • To verify hardware settings, examine contents of /proc directory or boot-up log files • To view hardware detected at boot time, use dmesg command Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  45. Problems After Installation (continued) Table 7-5: Files commonly found in the /proc directory Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

  46. Problems After Installation (continued) Table 7-5 (continued): Files commonly found in the /proc directory Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 2e

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