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Transformation Index BTI

Transformation Index BTI. Human Rights, Development and Economic Growth – Metrics, New Ways of Thinking and New Strategies Washington, D.C. - April 7-8, 2011 Sabine Donner. Transformation Index BTI. Field of Study: 128 Countries. Transformation Index BTI. Dimensions of Analysis.

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Transformation Index BTI

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  1. Transformation Index BTI Human Rights, Development and Economic Growth – Metrics, New Ways of Thinking and New Strategies Washington, D.C. - April 7-8, 2011 Sabine Donner

  2. Transformation Index BTI • Field of Study: 128 Countries

  3. Transformation Index BTI • Dimensions of Analysis Status Index Management Index Political management performance (2007 to 2009) allowing for the degree of difficulty State of democracy 2009 State of market economy 2009 Trend indicator

  4. Holistic ApproachDemocracy | Economy | Governance • Criteria of Status and ManagementEvaluation Criteria Political Transformation Criteria Economic Transformation Criteria Management Performance Stateness Political Participation Rule of Law Stability of Democratic Institutions Political and Social Integration Socioeconomic Development Organization of Market and Competition Currency and Price Stability Private Property Welfare Regime Economic Performance Sustainability Steering Capability Resource Efficiency Consensus-Building International Cooperation

  5. expert poll, 6500 words-length country reports coding manual with four response options per item 52 item ratings, evaluated by text (country report) and score (ranking) based on a standardized codebook double review two independent base ratings intra- and interregional calibration of ratings Independent and expert-based study • Expert Assessments: Translating Context into Scores

  6. Stateness Stability of Democratic Institutions Political and Social Integration Political Participation Rule of Law Holistic ApproachDemocracy | Economy | Governance • Democracy under the Rule of Law • Monopoly on the use of force • State identity • No interference of religious dogmas • Basic administration • General, free and fair elections • Effective power to govern • Association / assembly rights • Freedom of expression • Separation of powers • Independent judiciary • Prosecution of office abuse • Civil rights • Performance of and commitment to democratic institutions • Party system • Interest groups • Consent to democratic norms • Associational activities

  7. Stateness Stability of Democratic Institutions Political and Social Integration Political Participation Rule of Law Holistic ApproachDemocracy | Economy | Governance • Democracy under the Rule of Law • Monopoly on the use of force • State identity • No interference of religious dogmas • Basic administration • General, free and fair elections • Effective power to govern • Association / assembly rights • Freedom of expression • Separation of powers • Independent judiciary • Prosecution of office abuse • Civil rights • Performance of and commitment to democratic institutions • Party system • Interest groups • Consent to democratic norms • Associational activities

  8. Status of Democracy • Overview of Political Systems Democracies Defective and highly defective democracies Moderate autocracies, autocracies and failing states

  9. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stateness Political Participation Rule of Law Stability of Democratic Institutions Political and Social Integration Defective democracies Democracies Autocracies Quality of Democracy - BTI 2010 Findings • Detailed Quality Assessment of Political Transformation Erosion of the rule of law and lack of political and social integration constitute major weaknesses in defective democracies. Stateness Monopoly on the use of force State identity No religious dogmas Basic administration Political Participation Free and fair elections Effective power to govern Association / assembly rights Freedom of expression Rule of Law Separations of powers Independent judiciary Prosecution of office abuse Civil rights ensured Stability of Demo. Institutions Democracy performs Democracy accepted Political and Social Integration Party system Interest groups Consent to democratic norms Social capital

  10. Stateness Monopoly on the use of force State identity No religious dogmas Basic administration Political Participation Free and fair elections Effective power to govern Association / assembly rights Freedom of expression Rule of Law Separations of powers Independent judiciary Prosecution of office abuse Civil rights ensured Stability of Demo. Institutions Democracy performs Democracy accepted Political and Social Integration Party system Interest groups Consent to democratic norms Social capital 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stateness Political Participation Rule of Law Stability of Democratic Institutions Political and Social Integration Defective democracies Democracies Autocracies Quality of Democracy - BTI 2010 Findings • Detailed Quality Assessment of Political Transformation The largest decrease in average indicator scores in consolidated and defective democracies during the last four years is notable in the field of political participation, with regard to association and assembly rights as well as concerning the freedom of expression.

  11. East-Central and Southeast Europe: BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA | CROATIA | LITHUANIA MACEDONIA | SERBIA | SLOVAKIA Latin America and the Caribbean: ECUADOR | EL SALVADOR | NICARAGUA VENEZUELA Subsahara Africa: BENIN | BOTSWANA | BURUNDI | CENTRAL AFRICAN REP | CONGO DR | CONGO REP GHANA | KENYA | MADAGASCAR | MALI MAURITANIA | MOZAMBIQUE | NAMIBIA | NIGER NIGERA | SOMALIA | SOUTH AFRICA | TANZANIA UGANDA Asia and Oceania: SRI LANKA | MALAYSIA | PHILIPPINES SOUTH KOREA Former Soviet Union and Mongolia: AZERBAIJAN | GEORGIA | KYRGYZSTAN MOLDOVA | TAJIKISTAN Middle East and North Africa BAHRAIN | EGYPT | JORDAN | LEBANON Quality of Democracy – BTI 2010 Findings • Growing Restrictions on Freedom of Expression… Freedom of expression

  12. Quality of Democracy – BTI 2010 Findings • …and on Assembly / Association Rights Freedom of expression Association/assembly rights

  13. Level of Socioeconomic Development Welfare Regime Organization of the Market and Competition Economic Performance Currency and Price Stability Sustainability Private Property Holistic ApproachDemocracy | Economy | Governance • Market Economy Flanked by Sociopolitical Safeguards • Prevention of fundamental social exclusion due to poverty, gender, ethnicity or religion • Market-based competition • Anti-monopoly policy • Liberalization of foreign Trade • Banking system • Anti-inflation / forex policy • Macrostability (fiscal and debt policy) • Property rights • Private enterprise • Social safety nets • Equal opportunity • Output strength of the economy (GDP, employment, price stability, budget deficit, balance of trade) • Environmental Policy • Education Policy, Investment in Research and Development

  14. Level of Socioeconomic Development Welfare Regime Organization of the Market and Competition Economic Performance Currency and Price Stability Sustainability Private Property Holistic ApproachDemocracy | Economy | Governance • Market Economy Flanked by Sociopolitical Safeguards • Prevention of fundamental social exclusion due to poverty, gender, ethnicity or religion • Market-based competition • Anti-monopoly policy • Liberalization of foreign Trade • Banking system • Anti-inflation / forex policy • Macrostability (fiscal and debt policy) • Property rights • Private enterprise • Social safety nets • Equal opportunity • Output strength of the economy (GDP, employment, price stability, budget deficit, balance of trade) • Environmental Policy • Education Policy, Investment in Research and Development

  15. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Distribution of Countries and Scores for each Economic Transformation Criterion Socioeconomic Development Organization of the Market Currency and Price Stability Private Property Welfare Regime Economic Performance Sustainability

  16. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Distribution of Countries and Scores for each Economic Transformation Criterion 8 Socioeconomic Development 12 Organization of the Market 18 Currency and Price Stability 16 Private Property 7 Welfare Regime 15 Economic Performance 4 Sustainability 10 – 9 (very good)

  17. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Distribution of Countries and Scores for each Economic Transformation Criterion 8 33 Socioeconomic Development 12 58 Organization of the Market 18 83 Currency and Price Stability 16 63 Private Property 7 39 Welfare Regime 15 86 Economic Performance 4 29 Sustainability 10 – 9 (very good) 8 – 6 (good)

  18. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Distribution of Countries and Scores for each Economic Transformation Criterion 8 33 56 Socioeconomic Development 12 58 47 Organization of the Market 18 83 23 Currency and Price Stability 16 63 42 Private Property 7 39 69 Welfare Regime 15 86 24 Economic Performance 4 29 82 Sustainability 10 – 9 (very good) 8 – 6 (good) 5 – 3 (weak)

  19. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Distribution of Countries and Scores for each Economic Transformation Criterion 8 33 56 31 Socioeconomic Development 12 58 47 11 Organization of the Market 18 83 23 4 Currency and Price Stability 16 63 42 7 Private Property 7 39 69 13 Welfare Regime 15 86 24 3 Economic Performance 4 29 82 13 Sustainability 10 – 9 (very good) 8 – 6 (good) 5 – 3 (weak) 2 – 1 (very weak)

  20. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Favorable Conditions at the Outset of the Global Financial and Economic Crisis 13 % 31 % 56 % Economic Performance moderate high low

  21. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Best Economic Performers 31 %

  22. Economic Performance and Social Inclusion • Level of Socioeconomic Development, Equality of Opportunity and Social Safety Nets 27 % 35 % 38 % Level of Social Inclusion high low moderate

  23. Level of Difficulty • Structural Constraints i.e. extreme poverty, low educational level, infrastructural deficiencies, natural disasters etc. • Civil Society Traditions • Level of Ethnic, Religious or Social Conflicts • Per Capita GNI PPP • UN Education Index • Stateness and Rule of Law (Average of BTI Criteria Scores) Holistic ApproachDemocracy | Economy | Governance • Political Management Performance, allowing for the Degree of Difficulty Steering Capability Resource Efficiency Consensus-Building International Cooperation • Strategic priority setting • Implementation • Policy learning • Efficient use of economic and human resources • Policy coordination • Anti-corruption policy • Effective use of support • Credibility • Regional cooperation • Consensus on goals • Exclusion / integration of veto actors • Conflict management • Civil society participation • Reconciliation

  24. BTI 2010 Management Index Political Management in International Comparison Political leadership toward democracy and a market economy successful successful with weaknesses moderate weak failed or non-existent

  25. Transformation Index 2010Political Management in International Comparison Transparency and Accessibility Ranking Table (Online, BTI-Book) Overview on results including the 17 criteria scores per country In addition: All 52 indicator scores per country accessible via CD-Rom (in BTI-Book) and on www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de Country Reports (Online, BTI-Book) Detailed analysis and information on all 17 criteria, in addition: Executive Summary, History and Characteristics, Strategic Outlook Also: 7 regional reports (BTI-Book) Transformation Atlas (Online) Interactive application to visualize 6,656 individual scores by world maps (global views), radars (country views), data comparison (cross-checks) and explanatory texts

  26. www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de BTI 2010

  27. Review-Process Assessment Procedure Standardized codebook (52 Indicators) Detailed written country assessment with scores 1 2 Commentary and scores by local reviewer Regional and interregional check by coordinators 3 Final decision by BTI-Board 4

  28. Review-Process Assessment Procedure Standardized codebook (52 Indicators) 1 128 Country Experts Detailed written country assessment with scores 1 Detailed written country assessment with scores 2 Commentary and scores by local reviewer Regional and interregional check by coordinators 3 Final decision by BTI-Board 4

  29. Review-Process Assessment Procedure Standardized codebook (52 Indicators) 1 2 128 Reviewers from the respective countries 128 Country Experts Detailed written country assessment with scores 1 Detailed written country assessment with scores Commentary and scores by local reviewer 2 Commentary and scores by local reviewer Regional and interregional check by coordinators 3 Final decision by BTI-Board 4

  30. Review-Process Assessment Procedure Standardized codebook (52 Indicators) 1 2 128 Reviewers from the respective countries 128 Country Experts Detailed written country assessment with scores 1 Detailed written country assessment with scores Commentary and scores by local reviewer 2 Commentary and scores by local reviewer 3 Regional Coordinators Regional and interregional check by coordinators 3 Final decision by BTI-Board Regional and interregional check by coordinators 4

  31. Review-Process Assessment Procedure Standardized codebook (52 Indicators) 1 2 128 Reviewers from the respective countries 128 Country Experts Detailed written country assessment with scores 1 Detailed written country assessment with scores Commentary and scores by local reviewer 2 Commentary and scores by local reviewer 4 3 BTI-Board Regional Coordinators Regional and interregional check by coordinators 3 Final decision by BTI-Board Final decision by BTI-Board Regional and interregional check by coordinators 4

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