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Sistem Terdistribusi

Sistem Terdistribusi. ARMIN LAWI S2 TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNHAS. Outline Materi. Pengantar Pemrograman Jaringan dalam Java Paket java.net, multithreading , Vektor dan Serialisasi Berkas Invokasi dan Modifikasi Obyek Terdistribusi Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

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Sistem Terdistribusi

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  1. Sistem Terdistribusi ARMIN LAWI S2 TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNHAS S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  2. Outline Materi • PengantarPemrogramanJaringandalam Java • Paket java.net, multithreading, VektordanSerialisasiBerkas • InvokasidanModifikasiObyekTerdistribusi • Remote Method Invocation (RMI) • Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) • Modifikasi Database via Java Method • Servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP) dan JavaBeans • ServletdanJavaServer Pages (JSP) • JavaBeans dan Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) • Web Services • eXtended Markup Language (XML) • Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) • Web Services Description Language (WSDL) • Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI) S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  3. Referensi Utama • Jan Graba (2007), An Introduction to Network Programming, 2nd Ed., Springer Science. • Jan Graba (2003), An Introduction to Network Programming, Addison-Wesley. • Steve Graham, et. al. (2005), Building Web Services with Java: Making Sense of XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI, 2nd Ed., Sams Publishing. S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  4. Pengenalan Java S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  5. Apa itu Java? • Menerapkan compiler dan interpreter program.java program.class javac program.java public class myCetak { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(“Hello World!”); } } -------------------- ------------------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------- compiler java program bytecode 11010101… interpreter S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  6. Karakteristik Multi-platform program.java program.class public class myCetak { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(“Hello World!”); } } -------------------- ------------------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------- compiler interpreter interpreter interpreter interpreter JVM Windows Linux Solaris MacOS S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  7. Software yang dibutuhkan • Java Standrd Edition (SE) Development Kit (JDK) Dapat didownload gratis di http://developers.sun.com/downloads/ • JDK yang digunakan pada MK ini adalah versi terbaru saat ini: JDK1.6.0 update 10 • Text Editor: Notepad, Edit, dll Java IDE: Jcreator, Eclipse, NetBeans, dll S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  8. OOP dan Java • Java adalah bahasa pemrograman murni berbasis object-oriented (OO) • OOP: Program bekerja atas interaksi atau komunikasi antar obyek (object interprocess) • OO-program dapat dipandang sebagai sistem tersebar (distributed system) S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  9. Apa itu obyek? • Segala sesuatu dapat dipandang sbg obyek • Karateristik obyek • Memiliki atribut sebagai status (state/variable) • Memiliki tingkah laku (behavior) atau method variabel/ state method/ behavior Object model S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  10. Bagaimana membuat obyek • Obyek dikonstruksi/dirancang dari prototipe atau blueprint yang telah ditetapkan (class) • Contoh: resep  class kue  obyek Kue 1 Resep Bahan: 1 kg gula 2 sdk mentega dan sterusnya. Cara Membuat: Campur semua lalu panaskan dan seterusnya Kue 2 S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  11. Contoh oop dalam java class mhs { private String nama; private String nim; private String ttl; private String agama; public mhs(String nama, String nim, String m, String agama) { this.nama = nama; this.nim = nim; this.ttl = ttl; this.agama = agama; } public String getNama() { return this.nama; } public String getNim() { return nim; } public static void main(String args[]) { mhs m = new mhs(“Armin”, “132133693”, “19”, “Islam”) ; System.out.println(“Nama =“ + m.getNama()); } } variabel/ state konstruktor method/ behavior obyek m S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  12. Ciri-ciri oop • Abstraksi (abstraction) Pengabstrakan atau penyembunyian kerumitan dari suatu proses • Pembungkusan (encapsulation) Abstraksi dilakukan dengan cara pembungkusan (kapsulasi) semua kode dan data kedalam satu entitas tunggal (obyek) • Pewarisan (inheritance) Implementasi khusus dalam OOP yang dapat menurunkan prilaku ke sub-class atau menerima prilaku dari super-class • Kebanyak-rupaan (polymorphism) Kemampuan obyek mengungkap banyak hal melalui suatu cara yang sama. Obyek dapat menjalankan prilaku-prilaku atau metode-metode yang diturunkan dari beberapa superclassnya S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  13. Pemrograman Jaringan S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  14. Paket java.net • Paket utama java.net memuat berbagai kelas yang berguna bagi programmer dalam mengimplementasi pemrograman berbasis jaringan dengan mudah S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  15. InetAddress class • Salah satu kelas java.net yang menangani alamat Internet (Internet address) baik sebagai host name atau IP Address. • Static method getByName dari kelas ini menggunakan DNS untuk mengembalikan alamat internet dari sebuah host name tertentu sebagai obyek InetAddress. • getByName membuang hasil pengecekan exception UnknownHostException jika host name tidak ditemukan  harus ditangani dengan pernyataan catch. S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  16. Contoh-1: IPFinder import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class IPFinder { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String host; BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.print("\n\nEnter host name: "); host = input.readLine(); try { InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host); System.out.println("IP address: "+ address); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { System.out.println("Could not find " +host); } } } core package method class exception S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  17. Hasil Eksekusi Contoh-1 S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  18. Contoh-2: MyLocalIPAddress import java.net.*; public class MyLocalIPAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { try { InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(address); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { System.out.println("could not find local address!"); } } method S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  19. Hasil Eksekusi Contoh-2 S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  20. Paket, Kelas dan Method yang Penting Diketahui S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  21. Important Java Packages java.netTCP/IP networking java.io I/O streams & utilities java.rmiRemote Method Invocation java.security Security policies java.lang Threading classes S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  22. Java Sockets Programming • Java menggunakan BSD-style sockets untuk antarmuka dengan layanan TCP/IP (paket java.net) • Java membedakan socket-socket UDP, TCP server & TCP client • Behind-the-scenes classes do the actual work & can be updated or swapped out transparently S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  23. IP Addresses & Hostnames • java.net.InetAddress class • Represents a single IP address • Factory class – no public constructor • Performs transparent DNS lookups or reverse lookups • java.net.UnkownHostException thrown if DNS system can’t find IP address for specific host S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  24. TCP Server Sockets • java.net.ServerSocket class • Binds to a local port to listen for initial connections • Can be bound to a local IP for multi-homed machines • accept() method returns a java.net.Socket, not an integer descriptor S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  25. TCP Client Sockets • java.net.Socket class • Combines socket with socket options (timeout, linger, keep alive, no delay, etc) • Encapsulates a java.io.InputStream and a java.io.OutputStream – can be retrieved for use in a layered I/O system S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  26. UDP Sockets • java.net.DatagramSocket class • Java makes no distinction between client/server for UDP sockets • Connected mode UDP supported in Java 2 • Can be bound to both a local port & a local IP address – multi-homed support • Supports some socket options (timeout, buffer size) S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  27. UDP Datagrams • java.net.DatagramPacket class • Expects a byte array of data • Address optional for connected-mode UDP • This class is final – can’t be extended! • java.net.DatagramSocket instances can only send instances of java.net.DatagramPacket S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  28. Threading • Java doesn’t support the notion of forking processes; how do we support concurrency? • Java was designed to support multi-threading! • In server environments we can spawn new threads to handle each client • Thread groups allow for collective control of many threads S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  29. Java Servlets • Servlets are the Java analog to CGI • Advantages of servlets: full access to other Java APIs, persistence between invocations, guaranteed portability • Servlets can be generic services or specific to HTTP S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  30. HTTP Servlets • javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet class • Uses HTTP to receive requests and generate responses • Full support for all HTTP methods, cookies, sessions, persistent connections • Servlets can be chained – example: de-blink servlet S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  31. Java Applets • Client-side Java programs that run in a browser • Applets have special security restrictions called the applet sandbox • Only applets loaded over the network are subject to the applet sandbox • The applet sandbox is controlled by a java.lang.SecurityManager S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

  32. Remote Method Invocation (RMI) • RMI is the Java analog to RPC • RMI servers use a naming service (rmiregistry) to register remote objects • RMI servers use a special security policy implemented by RMISecurityManager • The default RMI transport mechanism is via TCP sockets – this is transparent to RMI code! • Any object transferred in an RMI call must implement the Serializable interface S2-Teknik Informatika UNHAS

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