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The Atmosphere

The Atmosphere. http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=7ObnEpRccHM. Ancient Atmosphere. Consisted Primarily of Methane Ammonia Water vapor Hydrogen. This was a reducing environment – no oxygen. Changing Conditions – 3.5 bya. Complex molecules form – amino acids, proteins

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The Atmosphere

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  1. The Atmosphere • http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=7ObnEpRccHM

  2. Ancient Atmosphere • Consisted Primarily of • Methane • Ammonia • Water vapor • Hydrogen • This was a reducing environment • – no oxygen

  3. Changing Conditions – 3.5 bya • Complex molecules form – amino acids, proteins • Photosynthesis begins – oxygen is produced

  4. Driving forces behind changes • Ultraviolet radiation • Lightning • Radioactive decay

  5. Atmosphere – A thin layer

  6. Atmospheric Composition

  7. Water Vapor • Amount of water vapor is highly variable in space and time. • Importance to climate – water vapor transfers heat from warmer to colder regions. • Latent heat – heat released or absorbed when matter changes state.

  8. Latent Heat

  9. Ionosphere • Auroras Meteors • Ozonosphere • Mount Everest • Layers of the • Atmosphere

  10. Troposphere • Lowest layer – 0 to 15 km • Contains 80% of the mass of the atmosphere. • Layer where weather occurs. • Temperature decreases with height.

  11. Layers of the • Atmosphere

  12. Stratosphere • Occurs between 15 and 50 km above the surface. • Contains 18% of the mass of the atmosphere. • Temperature increases with height. • Contains ozone (O3) that shields the surface from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

  13. Protection from • solar radiation

  14. The • Greenhouse • Effect

  15. Effect of Carbon Dioxide

  16. Mr. D’Aleo is a Certified Consultant Meteorologist and was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society

  17. IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

  18. Cycles of Global Warming

  19. Evaporation will increase as the climate warms, which will increase average global precipitation. Soil moisture is likely to decline in many regions, and intense rainstorms are likely to become more frequent. Sea level is likely to rise two feet along most of the U.S. coast.

  20. Image based on data from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.

  21. What drives atmospheric circulation?

  22. Uneven Planet Warming

  23. Arid and Semiarid Climates

  24. Global • Atmospheric • Circulation

  25. Coriolis Effect

  26. Acid Rain

  27. Acid Rain (4.3) • Normal Rain (5.2)

  28. SOx and NOx • sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides • NO NO2 HNO3 nitric acid • SO2 H2SO4 sulfuric acid

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