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Secure Provenance: Enhancing Privacy and Security for Data Access and Usage Control

This research focuses on privacy-enhancing models and mechanisms to secure provenance data. It explores security requirements, access and usage control, privacy preservation, data integrity, and accountability. The proposed secure provenance system includes a logical structure and physical storage using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to represent provenance. Challenges such as access control complexity and privacy preservation are addressed using techniques like sanitization and cryptography. Integrity and accountability are ensured through authentication and non-repudiation techniques. Prototypes for secure provenance management at the OS layer and XML document dissemination system are also examined.

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Secure Provenance: Enhancing Privacy and Security for Data Access and Usage Control

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  1. Privacy-Enhancing Models and Mechanisms for Securing Provenance and its UseOctober 2010 Lead PI: Ravi Sandhu (UT San Antonio) PIs: Elisa Bertino (Purdue), Gabriel Ghinita (Purdue), Murat Kantarcioglu (UT Dallas), Bhavani Thuraisingham (UT Dallas), Shouhuai Xu (UT San Antonio)

  2. Provenance Helps Enhance Security Access and Usage Control of Data and its Provenance Data Trustworthiness (e.g., sensor networks) Data Data Forensics (e.g., SIM tools) Provenance Data Privacy (e.g., track hospital records) etcetera

  3. But Provenance Itself Must Be Secured! • Security Requirements for Provenance • Access and Usage Control • Only authorized users may access provenance, and data based on provenance for appropriate purpose • Privacy • Provenance disclosed at a level that preserves data and source privacy • Integrity • Ensure that provenance is authentic and not tampered with • Accountability • Subjects accountable for data changes, even when they are anonymous • Contributions • Privacy-enhancing framework (i.e., models and mechanisms) for securing provenance lifecycle • Design and implementation of mechanisms for secure provenance management at OS layer and Data Layer

  4. Provenance Life Cycle processing generation dissemination accountability compliance

  5. Proposed Secure Provenance Core Layer Application Layer Access/Usage Control Privacy Integrity Accountability Proposed Core of Secure Provenance Systems Logical Structure and Physical Storage of Provenance

  6. Representation of Provenance • Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) • Nodes represent entities (sources) that forward/modify data • Node labels capture type of operation performed • E.g., concatenation, set difference, etc. • Edges capture data flow • Logical and physical provenance • Logical provenance captures actual changes in data • Physical provenance models “forwarding only” cases • People and system/machine provenance • People attributes changes in data to a person or organization • System/machine tracks provenance wrt software/hardware

  7. A B C “Logical” Provenance “Physical” Provenance D E No_Op Concatenate(A,B) F Set_Diff(D,E) “Physical” Provenance G No_Op … Z No_Op Data Item DI Provenance DAG Example Logical Physical

  8. Access/Usage Control: Challenges • Traditional access control models not applicable • Existing techniques do not apply to DAGs* • Complexity of authorization conditions • Authorization may depend on sequence of operations performed by sources • Changes in policy • Conflict resolution • Sources that contribute to the same data object may have conflicting policy requirements • Reconciliation of source and recipient policies * U. Braun et al, “Securing Provenance”, In Proc. of HotSec ‘08

  9. Privacy Challenges and Techniques • Sanitization • Release provenance at appropriate granularity levels • Generalize provenance • E.g., instead of releasing employee and department name who modified document, only release organization name • Cryptography • Employ advanced cryptographic techniques that allow private evaluation of conditions • E.g., private similarity evaluation of two provenance DAGs Private Data Non-Private Data E.g., news article must protect sources One challenge is to ensure that data contents do not inherently identify source Private Provenance The most demanding protection scenario E.g., identities of hospital patients must remain private, but the hospital where records originated may be released Non-Private Provenance

  10. Integrity & Accountability: Challenges and Techniques • Integrity: • Authenticate source and content of provenance information • Accountability • Non-repudiation of a source’s role in the provenance chain even if annonymized for privacy • Techniques • Conventional digital signatures may not be suitable • Provenance is highly dynamic and may include multiple sources that may not know/trust each other • Sources may need to remain anonymous • Non-interactive Editable Signatures for Provenance • Novel cryptographic techniques

  11. Prototypes • Secure Provenance Management for OS • Provenance protection is achieved through trusted VMMs running within a higher trust domain than the OS • OS-independent mechanism, where provenance is embedded as watermark in the data • Maintains compatibility with existing applications • XML Document Dissemination System • Provenance is maintained at XML element level (fine-grained) • Protection through cryptographic tokens

  12. Summary Application Layer Access/Usage Control Privacy Integrity Accountability Proposed Core of Secure Provenance Systems Logical Structure and Physical Storage of Provenance • Contributions • Privacy-enhancing framework (i.e., models and mechanisms) for securing provenance lifecycle • Design/implementation of mechanisms for secure provenance management at OS layer and Data Layer

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